Ghazipur is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The district is part of Varanasi Division. The region of Ghazipur is famous mainly for the production of its unique rose scented Spray called Gulab Jal, and for the tomb of the Governor General of British India, Lord Cornwallis, who died here. His tomb is situated in Western part of City, and is conserved by Archaeological Survey of India. The word Ghazipur does not figure as such in ancient Indian History, but according to some historians Raja Ghadhi father of Maharshi Jamdagni was from this place. During that period this place was covered with dense forests and in it many Ashrams were situated viz. Yamdagni (father of Parasuram) Ashram, Parsuram Ashram, Madan Van etc. The Maharshi Gautam’s Ashram was near Ghazipur town some 16 Kms. east around the village Gauspur. Sarnath, where Lord Buddha got Boddhisatva or enlightenment in 6th century B.C is about 65 km. west from this district headquarter & falls in Varanasi district. Thus it became a center of Buddha’s preaching’s during his time. This town was an important centre during Buddhist period. The Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang mentions this locality as “Chanchu” meaning the soil of battlefields which is signified by many important battles fought here.

Development in the state of Uttar Pradesh has been the outcome of the interplay of a variety of factors including physical, political, economic, demographic, and geographic. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector has emerged as a highly vibrant and dynamic sector and does not only play crucial role in providing large employment opportunities at comparatively lower capital cost than large industries but also help in industrialization of rural & backward areas, thereby, reducing regional imbalances, assuring more equitable distribution of national income and wealth. MSMEs are complementary to large industries as ancillary units and this sector contributes enormously to the socioeconomic development of the state.

Ghazipur district forms the eastern part of the Varanasi Division. It lies to the east and north of the Jaunpur and Varanasi district respectively between the parallels of 25°19' and 25° 54' north latitude and 83° 4' and 83° 58' east longitude. This location is 67.50 Mt. above the sea level. The length of district from East to West is 90 Km. and Width from North to South is 64 Km. The River Ganges from one side and Karmnasa from other side divided it from Bihar State. It is bounded on Ballia and Bihar State in east, Jaunpur, Varanasi and Azamgarh in west, Mau, and Ballia in north and the Chandauli in south. The boundaries are generally conventional though at places they are marked by natural feature.
The Ghazipur is garlanded by Ganga, Karmnasa and Gomti, that makes it locality stronger in economic and geographic condition. The total geographic area of this district is 3384 Sq. Km. Total area is approx. 3,33,209 Hectare in which 2,52,824 Hectare is for agricultural purpose.

Ghazipur lies in the great plains of the Ganges and hence the land is highly fertile. The soil is mostly alluvial. The district is bounded by river Ganges in the west and the river Sai in the east. The entire district falling in Sai Sub-basin of the Ganges basin represents flat topography. The irrigation in the district takes place through Sharda Canal network system and tube wells. About 92% of the district area is under cultivation.

There are five industrial areas in the district namely Industrial Estate Nandgunj Ghazipur, Mini Industrial Estate Saidpur Tajpur, Mini Industrial Ichauli Mohammadabad, Mini Industrial Estate Baghari Zamania, Mini Industrial Estate Bhadaura asiyan developed by UPSIDA. As given in the following table, MSME industries across the sectors of food/agro-based industries, repair & servicing, other manufacturing, wood, metal, apparel, paper, electrical and other transport, chemical, leather and engineering are key economy drivers in the district. The MSME units in the district mainly represent industries like ready-made garments and embroidery, repairing and servicing, metal products and food/agro products. Ready garments and embroidery contribute most in terms of employment ~26% and~ 8% in terms of revenue. Repairing and Servicing contributes ~15% to revenue, highest among all the enterprises and ~19% of work force is employed in this vertical.

Agro based and Other sectors of MSME with 1919 units in the district is the most prominent and economy contributing sector of the district. It is followed by sectors such as “Wood/wooden based furniture” and “Misc. Manufacturing” with 559 and 951 units respectively. Out of total population of 3,622,690 (2011 census), total workers are 1,204,602 out of which men are 808,700 and women are 395,902. Total 274,535 Cultivators are depended on agriculture farming out of 218,661 are cultivated by men and 55,874 are women. Out of total working population, 54% are working in other industries, 41% are cultivators and agricultural labourers and only 5% are household industry workers. This indicates that agriculture is the main source of income in the district.

The total export from Ghazipur is approximately INR 88 Crore for the period September 2020 to November 2021.
The following table depicts the value of export of major products from Ghazipur:

Boneless meat and other edible offal of bovine animals

Ghazipur is famous for processed meat. Export of processed meat from Ghazipur holds a prominent place in the Indian economy. There are two slaughterhouses in Ghazipur employing around 800 workers. Buffalo meat and Poultry are the main source of meat production and export
Some of major names include AL Noor Impex, Sabi Anbi Foods Pvt Ltd, etc. These units contribute for major export of processed meat from the district. The cluster’s annual turnover in 2020-21 was around INR 300 Cr . The export turnover from September 2020 to November 2021 was INR 2.88 Cr . Total employment in the cluster is around 8,00.7

1. Boneless Meat of Bovine Animals
2. Other Edible Offal of Bovine Animals

► Chilled Boneless Buffalo Meat
► Chilled Boneless Buffalo Offal
► Frozen Boneless Buffalo Meat
► Frozen Boneless Buffalo Offal;

Raw material supplier The primary raw material suppliers are farmers who supply the disease-free animals to the slaughterhouse. Unit owners & Workers There are 2 slaughterhouses involved in processing and export of meat. More than 8,00 workers are working in these units and are residing in Ghazipur, Saidpur and nearby areas. Machinery Supplier Most of the units are having modern abattoir cum meat processing plant with most of segments are fully automated.

Following are principal industry associations that are working for the development of leather products:
► Council for Leather Exports (CLE): CLE is an outfit of Ministry of Commerce & Industry, GoI having regional office in Varanasi. It is a member-based organization, and its mandate is to provide support to its members for increasing export. The membership fee is being charged based on export turnover. Major services provided by them are: i. Dissemination of information related to export marketing ii. Organizing trade fairs and buyers & sellers meet iii. Marketing Development Assistance iv. Advocacy support
► Indian Institute of Technology, BHU: It has a separate consultancy department catering to needs of SMEs created for providing services in Energy conservation methods, Market & Finance, Innovative Product Design, Packaging, IT applications, Application of Multimedia
► MSME- Development Institute (MSME- DI), Kanpur: MSME-DIs are the subordinate offices of Development Commissioner, MSME. These offices are responsible for assisting MSMEs financially through schemes and improving their technical skills through skill upgradation / training programmes.
► Indian Industries Association, Varanasi (IIA);

Boneless Meat

HS codes under which the product is exported from the district;
Current Scenario The export scenario of World and India have been analysed basis the export statistics of HS code 100630 (Semi-milled or wholly milled rice, whether or not polished or glazed) under which non-Basmati rice is exported from Lucknow district. Alongside are the key facts pertaining to the analysed product code. India’s export compared to world is very low (approximately 29.76%).

► The total exports of boneless meat from the district as per HS code 020230 & 020629 is around INR 3494 crores from September 2020 to November 2021.
► India's exports represent 11% of world exports for this product, its ranking in world exports is 3 under HS code 020230 and 4 under HS Code 020629.
Product 020230: India exported this product to Hongkong, China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Egypt, Indonesia, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Philippines, UAE etc. Below figure shows the top importers for this product are:

Product Diversification is one of the most crucial product uplifting strategies which in turn is an important part of a product’s export. Currently, only the grains of rice are being sold directly in the market. Knowing the health benefits of the product an initiative can be made for product diversification to manufacture value added products such as chiwda, poha, brown rice, rice noodles, idli & dosa batter. The broken rice can be used to create flour. Rice flour is gluten-free; therefore, it is an alternative for producing gluten-free products. Rice flour is also hypoallergenic. Thus, it can be utilized for producing baby food, puddings, and other food products. Due to the decreased risk for people with sensitivities, food companies prefer rice flour to other varieties of flour. Thus, it is economically justifiable to grind broken rice to produce flour for such applications. With adequate upgradation of technology in the cluster the farmers/ millers can sell by-products and generate additional income by manufacturing by-products from Rice Husks, Brans and Straws; the following are their uses:

Product: Rice

The state is a leading producer in agriculture products like rice, wheat, sugarcane etc.
The economy of the cluster is heavily dependent on agriculture products.

Any rice other than Basmati Rice is named as non-Basmati rice.
In the world it has been reported that there are over 10,000 varieties of rice and out of which the maximum number are in India.

Multiple varieties of rice exist including short-grain, medium-grain, and long-grain varieties. ;

Following are principal Industry Associations that are working for the development of Rice:
► Agriculture and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)
► Indian Industries Association (IIA)
► Rice Export Promotion Forum (REPF)
► International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) - world’s premier research organization dedicated to reducing poverty and hunger through rice science; improving the health and welfare of rice farmers and consumers; and protecting the rice-growing environment for future generations
► National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack (NRRI) - The National Rice Research Institute is in Cuttack in Odisha state. The basic objective of institute is to conduct basic, applied, and adaptive research on crop improvement and resource management for increasing and stabilizing rice productivity in different rice ecosystems with special emphasis on rainfed ecosystems and the related abiotic stresses
► U.P. Council of Agricultural Research (UPCAR) - The UPCAR is an autonomous apex state organisation registered as a society, which plans, co-ordinates and promotes research, education, training, and transfer of technology for advancement of agriculture and allied sciences. The UPCAR was established on June 14, 1989, with its headquarters at Lucknow.
► Agriculture Department
► Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK);

Product is exported from the district

HS codes under which the product is exported from the district;
Current Scenario The export scenario of World and India have been analysed basis the export statistics of HS code 100630 (Semi-milled or wholly milled rice, whether or not polished or glazed) under which non-Basmati rice is exported from Lucknow district. Alongside are the key facts pertaining to the analysed product code. India’s export compared to world is very low (approximately 29.76%).

HS Code 100630 (Semi-milled or wholly milled rice, whether or not polished or glazed)
► India's exports represent 29.8% of world exports for this product, its ranking in world exports is 1.
► India exported this product to Iran, Indonesia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Yemen, China, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, USA, Nepal etc. Below figure shows the top importers for this product (100630) in the world:

Product Diversification is one of the most crucial product uplifting strategies which in turn is an important part of a product’s export. Currently, only the grains of rice are being sold directly in the market. Knowing the health benefits of the product an initiative can be made for product diversification to manufacture value added products such as chiwda, poha, brown rice, rice noodles, idli&dosa batter.
The broken rice can be used to create flour. Rice flour is gluten-free; therefore, it is an alternative for producing gluten-free products. Rice flour is also hypoallergenic. Thus, it can be utilized for producing baby food, puddings, and other food products. Due to the decreased risk for people with sensitivities, food companies prefer rice flour to other varieties of flour. Thus, it is economically justifiable to grind broken rice to produce flour for such applications. With adequate upgradation of technology in the cluster the farmers/ millers can sell by-products and generate additional income by manufacturing by-products from Rice Husks, Brans and Straws; the following are their uses:

Ghazipur is famous for Wall Hangings made up of jute.

Ghazipur is famous for Wall Hangings made up of jute. Export of these wall hangings from Ghazipur holds a prominent place in the Indian Handicraft industry. There are 3 major units working on the promotion of the art. These 3 main units and 8 SHG groups run by local artisans mainly formed at the territory of Paharpur, Devkali block in Ghazipur, which employs around 2000 artisans/ workers. Jute based wall hanging with knots & made ups are processed through bleaching, dyeing, Colouring, Weaving, Clipping/cutting, Decoration and packaging
Mohammad Israil Handicraft, Pahadpur, Devkali, is the main unit holder responsible for a major part of the production, for FY 2021-22 turnover of 20 lakh per annum and export of 10 lakh per annum was generated by the latter. Main importing countries for them are Spain, Japan, Turkey, Greece, Kathmandu. Iraq, Kuwait, UAE etc. Other than Mohammad Israil Handicraft India Handloom and Satyam Handicraft with 8 SHGs as Maa Kali SHG, Unnati Swayam Sahayata Samiti, Adarsh Swayam Sahayata Samiti, Hathkargha Bunkar Swayam Sahayata Samiti, Akhtari Swayam Sahayata Samiti, Hashmi Swayam Sahayata Samiti are major SHGs who usually do their business through the 3 major units and different fairs organized by the Government or any other public/private organization. Some of major groups include Ghazipur Jute wall hanging samiti, Anvi Samiti etc. These units contribute for export from the district. The cluster’s annual turnover in 2020-21 was very low due to COVID but the same was near to 2 Cr for the year of 2018-19 . However, the export turnover from September 2020 to November 2021 is INR 0.43 Cr . Total employment in the cluster is around 200.7

The Ghazipur district is known for Jute wall hangings. The Wall Hanging holds a prominent position in jute based decentralized handicraft products. Today, the Wall Hanging craft is famous throughout India and in other countries for their exquisite design variety and craftsmanship. What makes the art unique and presents a strength to the wall hanging sector is the unique weaving technique and an amalgamation of cheap labour, which makes the product of this region fall on the expensive side.

The Ghazipur Wall Hanging Craft has a variety of landscape designs, namely - houses, lawns, forests, traditional curtains, birds, and animals. Over the years, due to experience and time, the artisans are having excelled the art of crafting a variety of low to high-end products for the Indian and domestic markets. The products are known to be eco-friendly, where artisans employ natural jute and dyeing processes that are traditional in nature, also known to be eco-friendly. Here, an interesting fact is that no form of electricity is employed in the production process. ;
For the past several years, the craftsmen of Ghazipur district have been engaged in making jute wall hangings using traditional techniques. This product is also exported to other regions. In order to enhance the production of this exclusive craft, there is a need to ensure easy availability of raw materials and provide adequate training for product development and marketing. At 100%, all products are handmade with natural fibre.

Raw material supplier Currently the cluster depends on the other cluster for the purchase of Raw material. Unit owners & Workers These 3 main units and 8 SHG groups run by local artisans mainly formed at the territory of Paharpur, Devkarli in Ghazipur are employing around 200 artisans/ workers. Machinery Supplier

Currently below associations are working and active in the town for the welfare of the artisans and product growth:
► Jan Shikshan Sansthan for Training, Livelihood, Capacity building
► Human Welfare Association for GI, Livelihood, Craft Development, Government Scheme, Capacity Building
► Nisha Craft Vikas Samiti for Craft Development, Marketing Support
► Jan Kalyan Parishad for Awareness generation, Vocational Training, Skill development, Marketing support
► NABARD for Livelihood generation, Training, Marketing Support, Financial support ;