On 17th September,1997 two tehsils named Auraiya and Bidhuna were seperated from district Etawah to form the new district named as Auraiya. It is situated on National Highway no. 2 (Mughal Sarai Road) and 64 km. in the east of district headquarter of Etawah and 105 km. in west of Kanpur city. Auraiya having 7 Blocks named Ajitmal, Bhagyanagar, Sahar, Bidhuna, Achchalda, Erwakatra and Auraiya. The traditional history of the region starts with King Ajamida who was the fifth successor in the time of famous king Bharata. The present area of the district was under the dominion of his third son Brihadvasu comprising the region south of Ganga with its capital at Kampilya.

The region rose into great prominence during the period of Mahabharat. Mahavir is said to have passed his seventh rainy season in this region. About the middle of fourth century BC, this territory was annexed to the Nanda empire of Magadha, probably in the reign of Mahapadmananda and after Nandas, the district came under the dominion of Mauryas, with the downfall of Mauryas, Panchalas of this period probably ruling over this region started as feudatories of the Mauryas and gradually gained power as the fortunes of Mauryas declined. Evidence shows that Naga’s kings flourished in the western parts of U.P. including the present district particularly in the third and fourth century. During 4th century Guptas once again established imperial unity in India. The present region of the district also shared and contributed much towards prosperity of central India. Chinese traveller Fa-hien also visited the area. Ther are still remains of Buddhist and Jain temples. Kings like Samudragupta, Chandragupta, Kumargupta, Skandguptaand Buddhagupta ruled over this region peacefully. In the second quarter of the 8th century the district seems to have been included in the dominions of king Yashovarman of Kannauj. During the whole of 9th and 10th centuries, the region was governed by GurjaraPratihar rulers. The area was under the sway of Mahmud Ghazni during 1019-1049 and after him some local chiefs were ruling in this region. The tract passed into era of Muslim rule with the establishment of Sultanate of Delhi by the end of 12th Century. The present district was part of at least four Sirkar in Subah of Agra during the period of Akbar. During 1521 AD, one Narayan Das, a Singhiya Brahmana and son of Roshang Deo, founded Narayanpur, close to what was then called Nagla Kabirpur. The settlement did not flouish and Kamal Sah, a Fakir, was asked to pray for its prosperity. He replied that no success could be hope for unless another name was given to the village (nom awarirakhal). In course of time Awari was corrupted into Auraiya and the town continued to flourish under the protecting influence of another Fakir called Sajhanand, whose temple still exist. No men of any great notoriety appear ever to have lived in the town. After passing through hands of Marathas during the period of 1771-1773 it came under the rule of government of Awadh from 1774 to 1801. For many years the administration of the district was in the hands of Mian Almas Ali Khan who was by birth a Hindu but embraced Islam. According to Colonel Sleeman (Britist Resident at Avadh Court) he was the greatest and the best man, Avadh ever produced. He held his court occasionally at Kudarkot in tahsil Bidhuns where he built the fort which is now ruined. On Nov. 10,1801 it was made over to British government by Nawab Saadat Ali Khan together with the lower doals and another tract. In March 1804 Yashwant Rao Holkar, demanded the present area from the British on the ground that it was formerly held by Marathas, but it was not conceded by Britishers. The district rose in flame of freedom struggle in 1857. Some businessmen assisted financially the local freedom fighter. Development in the state of Uttar Pradesh has been the outcome of the interplay of a variety of factors including physical, political, economic, demographic and geographic. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector has emerged as a highly vibrant and dynamic sector and does not only play crucial role in providing large employment opportunities at comparatively lower capital cost than large industries but also help in industrialization of rural & backward areas, thereby, reducing regional imbalances, assuring more equitable distribution of national income and wealth. MSMEs are complementary to large industries as ancillary units and this sector contributes enormously to the socioeconomic development of the state.

The district of Auraiya lies in the south-western portion of Uttar Pradesh 26.4667°N 79.5167°E and also forms a part of the Kanpur Division. It borders the districts of Kannauj on the north, Etawah on the west, Ramabai Nagar district on the east, and Jalaun to the south. It has an average elevation of 133 metres (436 feet). The Auraiya District covers an area of 2,054 km (793 sq mi), of which more than one-third is designated rural. The main rivers which flow through the district are Yamuna and Senger. The total length of the Yamuna in the district is about 112 km.

Auraiya lies entirely in the Gangetic plain, but its physical features vary considerably and are determined by the rivers which cross it. The area of Etawah and Auraiya districts is divisible into four portions of district natural characteristics. The first of these consists of the country lying north-east of the Senger river, which runs across it from west to east almost parallel to the Yamuna, it includes the northern portions of tahsils Etawah and Bharthana. The second tract lies south of the Senger and extends as far as the high lands immediately overlooking the Yamuna. It comprises a slightly undulating switch of country covering portions of Etawah and Bharthana and the bulk of a Auraiya Tehsil of Auraiya District. The tract includes the parts of some tehsils that adjoins the river Yamuna. Beyond the Yamuna, stretching from the borders of tahsil Bah in Agra to the confluence of the Sindh, Kuwari, Chambal and Yamuna rivers, lies the high and broken country formerly known as Janibrast. These tracts differ from each other in a very marked degree though each presents general conformity within its own limits.

As given in the following table, MSME industries across the sectors of food/agro-based industries, repair & servicing, other manufacturing, wood/wooden furniture, metal, apparel, paper, electrical and other transport, chemical, leather and engineering are key economy drivers in the district. The MSME units in the district mainly represent industries like food/agro products, Wood/ wooden based furniture, Metal products, Repairing and servicing and other industries. Repairing and servicing industry contribute most in terms of employment ~ 34.11 %, followed by Agro based industries ~ 22.18 % and miscellaneous manufacturing ~ 21.99 % . Repairing and servicing industry sector of MSME with 635 units in the district is the most prominent and economy contributing sector in the district. It is followed by Agro based sector of MSME with 461 units and Miscellaneous manufacturing with 383 units.

Out of total population of 199,812, 341(2011 census), 65,814,715 are working population. Out of total working population, 34.8% are working in other industries, 59.3% are cultivators and agricultural labourers and only 5.9% are household industry workers. This indicates that agriculture is the main source of income in the district.

The following tabledepicts the value of export of major products from Auraiya:

Product:Deshi Ghee

The ODOP Product for Auraiya district is Desi Ghee. The overall turnover of the cluster is approx. Rs. 54 crores. From the last three fiscal years the annual turnover of the industries has almost remain same. The 250 units in the district employs around 2000 people out of which 1200 are skilled, 600 are semi-skilled and 200 are unskilled workers.

► The units in the cluster are very raw in nature. Most of the units are situated inside small shop. The units don’t have segregated workspace according to various stages in the process of metal embossing.
► No proper storage area was long term storage of Raw Materials.

► Primary Suppliers Raw material Suppliers
► Traders
► Ghee Manufacturing units
► Financial Institutions
► DIEPC, Auraiya
► MSMEDI/DGFT/FIEO
► Industries Associations

The cluster comprises of support institutions that can be broadly classified into three categories – trade and industry association, educational and training institutions, and other institutions. The trade and industry associations assist industries in the cluster in getting clearances and approvals, solving issues regarding industrial infrastructure, providing information on latest government schemes etc. Educational and training institute provide training to labours and assist in addressing availability of skilled labour. Other institutions comprise banks and logistics service providers. Following are main Industry Associations that are working in Sector:
► Federation of Indian Export Organization (FIEO)
► Industrial Area Manufacturers’ Association (AIMA)
► The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM)
► Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
► Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) ;

Export Potential Export of Deshi Ghee from Auraiya is INR 21 Lakhs. Due to lack of awareness, the entrepreneurs are unaware of technology advancement in terms of technique & machinery. The units in the cluster use Indigenous Butter Milk process for production of Ghee. In the area of globalization, the marketing effort of the entrepreneurs needs to be integrated to capture more market share.
Current Scenario The chapter focusses on the export scenario of India and Uttar Pradesh and then deep dives into the export statistics of HSN code- 040590 stating the target countries for market expansion for the product. India exported USD 83,009 Thousand value of Desi Ghee in 2019. . Desi Ghee has been integral part of Indian culture since ancient times.

Ghee is widely considered as the Indian name for clarified butterfat, usually prepared cow’s milk, buffalo mil or mixed milk. In the Middle East, ghee is commonly made from goat, sheep, camel milk and it is known as maslee or by some variant of the Arabic ter, samn. In Iran, it is called rogahn. The IDF defined ghee as a product exclusively obtained from milk, cream or butter from various animal species by means of processes which result in the almost total removal of moisture, and solids-not-fat and which gives the product a particular physical structure. The standard specifies ghee to have 96% minimum milkfat, 0.3% maximum moisture, 0.3% maximum free fatty acids, and a Peroxide Value less than 1.0. it’s physical structure should consist of a mixture of higher softening points fats in crystalline form dispersed in the liquid lower softening point fats and this gives the ghee a somewhat granular appearance. Ghee should not have an objectionable taste or ordour but neutralising substance in trace amounts may be added.

Product: Plastic Product

GAIL owns and operates a gas based Petrochemical Complex at PATA, District Auraiya, near Kanpur in UP (around 380 km from Delhi). GAIL has world class “Sclairtech” solution polymerization process licensed from M/s Nova Chemicals, Canada to produce LLDPE and HDPE, with a nameplate capacity of 2,10,000 MT/annum and has two slurry-based polymerization processes licensed from M/s Mitsui Chemicals, Japan to produce HDPE, each with a nameplate capacity of 1,00,000 MT/annum. A new world class gas phase Unipol PE Process of M/s Univation Technology, USA, with a nameplate capacity of 400,000 MT/ annum, has been commissioned at PATA to produce HDPE/LLDPE. The company’s marketing network is designed to ensure regular supply of material from PATA Plant and from consignment stockist stock points situated across the country. In addition to GAIL there are approx. 5-6 micro units who produce plastic products such as plastic jar, water gun etc.

Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) are both inexpensive polymers with widely favourable mechanical and chemical resistance properties. Tubing made from both polymers is broadly used, particularly for water, chemicals and gases. Unlike with many other plastics, plasticizers are seldom necessary to obtain flexible products, such as tubing. Both plastics are highly stable with low toxicity. In fact, many grades can even be used for food-contact and medical applications. LDPE is a homopolymer constituted by ethylene monomers. LLDPE is a copolymer of ethylene and another longer olefin, which is incorporated to improve properties such as tensile strength or resistance to harsh environments. One of four α-olefins (1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and 1-octene) is commonly polymerized with ethylene to make LLDPE. The amount of the α-olefin is typically low compared to the amount of ethylene. GAIL is the first ever Indian producer of metallocene catalyst based LLDPE film grade polymer. Metallocene LLDPE (mLLDPE) polymer is used in a number of applications such as packaging, agriculture, hygiene and personal care, cross laminated tarpaulins, industrial applications etc. Metallocene based LLDPE offer performance attributes that add value to a customer's business and across the value chain for sustained growth. Depending on the application, MF18S010U/MF18A010U offer a wide range of benefits including toughness, sealing, enhanced tear properties, better elongation, easy processing, outstanding optics & down gauging possibilities. LLDPE has penetrated almost all traditional markets for polyethylene; it is used for plastic bags and sheets (where it allows using lower thickness than comparable LDPE), plastic wrap, stretch wrap, pouches, toys, covers, lids, pipes, buckets and containers, covering of cables, geomembranes, and mainly flexible tubing.The HDPE, or high-density polyethylene, is present in objects so common as bottles, containers, toys, helmets, cosmetic and food containers and all kind of domestic objects. In fact, it is synthetic polymer with a higher volume of production in all over the world. It is odourless, insipid and non-toxic.

Cluster Stakeholders

The cluster comprises of support institutions that can be broadly classified into three categories – trade and industry association, educational and training institutions, and other institutions. The trade and industry associations assist industries in the cluster in getting clearances and approvals, solving issues regarding industrial infrastructure, providing information on latest government schemes etc. Educational and training institute provide training to labours and assist in addressing availability of skilled labour. Other institutions comprise banks and logistics service providers. Following are main Industry Associations that are working in Sector:
► Ministry of petroleum and natural gas
► Petroleum federation of India
► Indian Farmers fertiliser co-operative ltd.
► Federation of Indian Export Organization (FIEO)
► Industrial Area Manufacturers’ Association (AIMA)
► The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM)
► Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
► Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) ;

Export Scenario

The following table lists the HS codes under which the products are exported from the district:;
Current Scenario The chapter focusses on the export scenario of India and Uttar Pradesh and then deep dives into the export statistics of HSN code- 390120(Polyethylene with a specific gravity of >= 0,94, in primary forms). Product HSN code- 390120 (Polyethylene with a specific gravity of >= 0,94, in primary forms). India's exports represent 1.3% of world exports for this product, ranking it number 16th, behind USA, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Belgium, UAE and others. Key Facts of Exports:
► Exports from World- USD 25,525,253(USD Thousand) (2020-21)
► Exports from India- USD 327,770 (USD Thousand), 1.3% in world share-(2020-21)
► Exports from UP- USD 3880 (USD Thousand)
► UP Exports: - Nepal, Italy, China, USA
► India’s untapped potential is USD 292997 (in thousands)