Chandauli is a traditional craft pocket of Zari -Zardozi embroidery. The district Chandauli became a separate district in the year 1997 and is part of Varanasi division. It is located in the Eastern and Southern side of holy river Ganga and is named after its tahsil headquarters name. The district borders Varanasi district to the West along with Mirzapur, Ghazipur district to the North, Sonebhadra district to the South, and Bihar State to the East, Karmansa river is the dividing line from Bihar State. The district is widespread with an area of over 2,541 sq. km. The region covered by the Chandauli district was part of the ancient kingdom of Kashi. Being the part of Kashi Kingdom, the history of the Chandauli district is the same as that of Kashi Kingdom and of Varanasi district. It is divided into 9 blocks of 5 Tehsils for efficient administrative set up.

Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh is situated 70 Mts. above sea level. It is located at 24° 56’- 25° 35’ North latitude and 81° 14’- 84° 24’ East longitude at about 30 kms east-south-east of Varanasi. Chandauli covers an area of 2,541 km squire. It is surrounded on the eastern side by Bihar State, on the western side by district Varanasi along with Mirzapur, on the southern side by Sonebhadra and on the northern side by Ghazipur districts. City is located on the north-western shore of Karmansa river, which is dividing line from Bihar State

Chandauli based on geology, soils, topology, climate, and natural vegetation the district Chandauli is subdivided in the 3 regions as Chakia Plateau, Chandauli Plain and Ganga Khadar. The colour of the soils ranged from light brown grey to brownish yellow, red. This region belongs a humid subtropical monsoon climate with mild winter and severe summer, characterize by CWG according to Koppen's climate classification . Where 85 per cent of annual rainfall received during June to September and remaining rainfall is received through western disturbance during the winter season. The District is dividing into four micro agro-climatic situations, low laying paddy land, hill area, irrigated upland, and rain-fed area.

There is major two industrial areas in the district namely Ramnagar Industrial Area Phase 1 and Ramnagar Industrial Area Phase 2 where major units are involved into plastics and allied products, Rice Mills, FMCG, Waste Management plants, Electrical Equipment’s, PVC, Container Manufacturing, and engineering goods. Areas are developed by UPSIDA. Some of the units have been set up on two or more plots As given in the following table, MSME industries across the sectors of Repairing and Servicing Industries, Food Products, other manufacturing is contributing the most in terms of manpower and turnover. However, Rubber and Plastic Products, Wool, Silk & Synthetic Fiber Textiles, Chemical and Chemical Products, Metal and Mineral Industries are the Middling sectors. It is observed that the Textile industry in the district is the most prominent sector of the district contributing most to the economy by being the largest employer and being at the top in terms of investments as well. It is followed by Manufacturing & servicing and Food/Agro-based industry. Out of total population of 19,52,756 (2011 census), 6,52, 543 are working population- out of which men are 462,971 and women are 189,572. Total 92,042 Cultivators are depended on agriculture farming out of 79,780 are cultivated by men and 12,262 are women. 79,780 people works in agricultural land as labour, men are 61,290 and 20,579 are women. This indicates that agriculture is the main source of income in the district. As per the above, in addition to agriculture the district has great potential for the manufacturing of Textiles as the sector is supported through various manufacturing and servicing units, The district has a presence of plants and machinery to cater the textile sector.

The total export from Chandauli is approximately INR 390 Crore for the period September 2020 to November 2021. The following table depicts the value of export of major products from Chandauli: Apart from the above products, Tomato has been selected as ODOP product from Chandauli under PMFME Scheme (PM Formalisation of Micro food processing Enterprises Scheme).

The art of Zari has been associated with the aristocratic & royal persona of India for a long time. It is one of the most famous & elaborative technique of metal embroidery. The craft of Zari embroidery has been undertaken in various districts of UP since ages. District Chandauli is a traditional craft pocket of Zari-Zardozi embroidery. The Zari Zardozi activity in Chandauli region began during the mogul era. With the expansion of craft in the Varanasi district it has spread to surrounding districts. Villages and town areas which are in proximity of Varanasi adopted this work as their livelihood and developed this skill on hereditary basis. The Zari Zardozi cluster of chandauli has more than 12000 artisans and their families are involved into this profession, contributes near to 55 Cr of turnover and an indirect export of 25 lakhs whereas for Sept 20 to Sept 21 the art has exported approx. 4 lakhs value directly. Zari Zardozi is one of the finest traditional embroideries which are glitteringly ornate and heavily encrusted gold thread work of the world. Though the original wires; Kallabatun used in Zari Zardozi embroidery has been replaced with synthetic threads, but the art of embroidery retains its aesthetics as same as olden days. It is one of those crafts of India that have flourished in early centuries and have survived till date. Along with the bridal collection, these days the Zari Zardozi work is also done for exquisite evening dresses, coats, sherwanis, fashionable handbags, belts, shoes to decorate royally, cushion covers for furnishing accessories, official adornments like badges, emblems, house decors like wall hangings, boxes and etc.

The Indian market for Zardozi has always been dictated mainly by occasions and festivals. Use of poth, tikki and katdana was more prevalent for the exports to Middle East; whereas resham-tikki work and maal work on sarees and dress materials ruled the domestic markets. Caps, bags, emblems, badges, jackets, gowns, camisoles, purses, sandal uppers were few items in constant demand from the European countries, while the requirement of the Middle East was for purses, gowns, belts and curtains. Listed below are different kinds of zari work in the region: 1. Zardozi 5. Makaish 2. Kamdani 6. Tilla or Marori Work 3. Mina Work 7. Gota Work 4. Kataoki Bel 8. Kinari Work

The following are the key products manufactured in the cluster: Zardozi Zardozi is a heavy and elaborate embroidery work which uses a variety of gold threads, beads, seed pearls and gota. Zardozi work is mainly done on fabrics like heavy silk, velvet, and satin. It is used to embellish wedding outfits, heavy coats, and other products. Zardozi embroidery is a beautiful metal embroidery, which was once used to embellish the attire of the Kings and the royals in India. It was also used to adorn walls of the royal tents, scabbards, wall hangings and the paraphernalia of regal elephants and horses. Kamdani Kamdani is light needle work, which is done on lighter materials like scarves, caps etc. using flattened wire. Ordinary thread is used, and the wire is pressed down to produce satin stitch effect. This effect produced is glittering and it is called hazara butti. In Kamdani, the wire is attached to a small length of thread is pulled through the fabric with a needle, beautifully working into motifs. This is also referred to as ‘fancy kaam’. Kamdani is becoming a rarity and most of the craftsmen are elderly men Gota Work Traditionally, gota ribbons were woven with a warp of flattened gold and silver wire and a weft of silk/ cotton threads and used as a functional trim on garments and textiles. While most believe that gota patti is the forte of Rajasthan alone, some also claim that it is, in fact, a form of Pakistani embroidery that originated in Punjab before spreading in popularity to neighbouring states. The handcraft is centuries-old and was traditionally the domain of the royal family & members of the court. Today, it’s a must-have in festive and bridal wardrobes Kataoki Bel This is a border pattern made of stiff canvas and the whole surface is filled with sequins edging. A variation of this border technique is lace made on net and filled with zari stitches & spangles. Zari or Jari, is an even thread made of fine gold or silver, used to make traditional Indian or Pakistani embroidered fabrics, through an intricate art of weaving threads. Started during the Mughal era, Zari was associated with the grand attires of Gods, Kings, and literary figures in literary sources. Mukaish This is one of the oldest styles and is done with silver wire or badla. The wire itself serves as a needle, piercing the material to complete the stitches. A variety of designs are produced in this manner. The craft of mukaish is easily identified as a dotted pattern in silver or gold metal, embedded in the body of lightweight fabric. Today, contemporary modifications of the traditional metal work can be seen both on fashion week runways and in sought-after ethnic ensembles. Tilla or Marori Work Also known as Abha work and Kashmiri Tilla work. Made with golden/ silver/ antique zari thread (Kasab/ Tilla). This is the kind of embroidery where gold thread is stitched on to the surface with a needle. Kinari Work Also known as Gota Patti Work, Gota-Kinari work or Lappe ka Kaam. It is a type of metal embroidery that originated in Rajasthan, India. The cities of Jaipur, Bikaner, Ajmer, Udaipur, and Kota are the epicentre of uniquely styled Gota work. Elaborate patterns are created with metals like gold, silver, copper etc. A small variation is kinari work where the embellishments are done only at the edges in the form of tassels. This is done mainly by men and women of the muslim community. It is applied on to the edges of a fabric to create fancy patterns and is popularly used in edging bridal sarees and lehengas. In Rajasthan, gota work is extensively done on Dupattas and Ghagras. Outfits adorned with gota work are popularly worn at auspicious functions. Mina Work Mina work resembles enamel work and makes use of gold threads. ;

The Geographical Indication Registry (GIR) has accorded the Geographical Indication (GI) registration to the intricate needle handicraft- Banaras Zardozi and it was registered under the brand of ‘Banaras Zari Zardozi’ in the year 2020. Though, Chandauli District comes under geographical Identified area, but no significant progress is seen in Post G.I. Initiative in Chandauli. The process for obtaining district specific GI tag for Zari Zardozi products of Chandauli is yet to be initiated. However, the product is selected under ODOP scheme of Uttar Pradesh. ;

Following are principal Industry Associations/SPVs that are working for the development of Zari-Zardozi in Chandauli:
► Ramnagar Industry Association (RIA), Chandauli
► Chandauli Zari Zardozi Foundation - SHG ;

HS codes under which the product is exported from the district: Current Scenario The export scenario of India and Uttar Pradesh have been analysed basis the export statistics of HS code mentioned above under which Zari-Zardozi products are exported. Alongside are the key facts pertaining to the analysed product codes. ;

► The total exports of Zari-Zardozi products from Chandauli district approx. INR 25 Lakhs in year 2018-19.
► from September 2020 to November 2021 the direct export from the district is calculated as 4.13 lakhs.
► There are more than 10 HSN Codes which may be used for Exports of Zari-Zardozi but here analysis of one prominent HSN code has been done.
► The cluster has tremendous export potential, but owing to lack of proper market assessment mechanism, changing design patterns, specific demand preferences the export is very less.
► Hence, it was pointed out that the proper study of the foreign market, region specific demand patterns to be ascertained. Along with that, a common platform to be created where there can be an integration between the exporters and importers, thereby making the export ecosystem robust and effective.
► Zardozi products do not have specific HSN codes. Based on stakeholder consultations, following HSN codes were mentioned for the product. Product 581092: Uttar Pradesh exports this product to UAE, Italy, USA, Turkey, Hong Kong & China, Japan, France, Turkey, Iraq, and Morocco. Below figure shows the top importers for this product (581092) in the world:

Product Diversification is one of the most crucial product uplifting strategies which in turn is an important part of a product’s export. This plays a vital role in any products exports as it is a product uplifting strategy. Most artisans are not bothered about changing their product range and they fail to understand that it is an integral part of comprehensive marketing. Diversification can be brought in the cluster by: 1. Development of a new products: During the product diversification new product line like Purses, Langar/Ghagra, Churidar, Punjabi, Curtains, Other dress materials like Scarf etc needs to be promoted. Additionally creation of a new product range like zari-work that can be laminated and attached to wooden doors, frames, wall paintings etc. They can also create gift bags, curtains with intricate zari work. 2. Modifications of Existing Products It has also been found that most of the artisans use no strategy for making modifications to the existing products in the light of design and fusion. The artisans can make fusion products by blending zari work with madhubani or block prints. They can also expand in terms of the materials they use for making the products by introducing cotton and jute into their product range.

Export of plastic products from Uttar Pradesh is almost 4 % of total export from India’s plastic export .Demand for plastic products is generated both domestically and internationally. Ramnagar (Chandauli) is one of the prominent plastic clusters in the country. The district has more than 3000 industries. There are more than 52 plastic industries in the district, which sell their products across India. These plastic industries fall under the category of micro, small and medium and have been registered accordingly. There are numerous products which are manufactured in Chandauli. Some of them products are mentioned below in table with world export value with corresponding Indian exported value in year 2020. The Plastic Industry in Ramanagar have an annual turnover in 2020-21 was around INR 40 Cr . The export turnover from September 2020 to November 2021 was INR 7.78 Cr . The total employment in the cluster is around 600

The major products manufactured by Ramnagar plastic industries include plastic sacks and plastic pipes. The typical production capacities of the units and estimated annual production carries 44% from Plastic bags/sacks, 40% from Pipes and rest from Master Batches. Hence, in our product profile the Plastic sacks and bags are taken on priority. Plastic bags/sacks are made from woven polypropylene (plastic) fabric. The fabric components are sewn to form the shape of a large bag. The purpose of the bag is to store and transport dry flowable products such as Portland cement, sand, resin, and food ingredients. These are one of the most cost-effective types of packing for storage and transportation of a wide range of materials such as chemicals, food, metal etc. Manufactured from tubular/ flat woven fabric, these bags have a large storage capacity. These bags are custom designed as per the client's requirement, thus offering a wide range of bags to choose from. We offer bags for both single-trip (5:1) and multi-trip (6:1 or 8:1) purposes. The SWL Range of the bags start from 50 kg up to 2000 kg. The basic raw material for making PVC is monomer and linking these monomer molecules together in the polymerisation process. PVC manufactured from monomers through polymerisation, are solid and chemically stable substances. Ethylene and chlorine are raw materials for PVC. Upstream industries are those that provide these materials and include producers of basic petrochemicals (sometimes known as feedstock, which supplies ethylene, and the chlor-alkali (caustic soda) industry, which supplies chlorine. The manufacturing price of the bag costs 6-8 rupees and market price is approx. 12 to 20 Rs. The raw materials required to produce PLA plastics are “Polylactic Acid or Polylactic Acid Blends”. These are available in the form of granules, in various grades, for the use by the plastic convertors The total energy consumption of the cluster is estimated to be 2,860 tons per year. Electricity accounts for about 84% of total energy consumption by the plastic industries. Manufacturing of Pipe and fitting consume more than 55% of the energy than others.

The primary stakeholders in Ramanagar plastic industries cluster include the following: manufacturing units and the leading industry association of the region- Ramnagar Industries Association (RIA). The other key stakeholders include Indian Industry Association, District Industries Centre (DIC), NSIC, Naini, Allahabad, machinery suppliers and various government agencies. These actors provide various services to the plastic units, such as training of workers, testing facilities, financial services, technical know-how, raw materials supply and supply of technologies. Similarly, RIA is another prominent industry association enrolling the local plastic industries including other industries as its members and very proactive to the cluster development. It is very common that the members and plastic entrepreneurs in particular meet together to discuss about the common problems faced by the plastic industries. Other Financial Institutions, both govt and private banks are available & they support the manufacturing units in terms of financing them.

Following are principal industry associations /Government Bodies that are working for the development of Plastic products:
► District Industries and Export Promotion Centre, Chandauli District Industries & Enterprises Promotion Center (DIEPC) is located on Varanasi-Chandauli Highway (NH 31). The DIEPC helps entrepreneurs in establishment of new units in the district. Various schemes of the Government are being promoted catering to the needs of already established as well as budding entrepreneurs. With the introduction of single window scheme, different facilities right from the allotment of the land, release of power connection, various clearances etc., are provided to the entrepreneur through a single composite application.
► MSME- Development Institute (MSME- DI), Kanpur: MSME-DIs are the subordinate offices of Development Commissioner, MSME. These offices are responsible for assisting MSMEs financially through schemes and improving their technical skills through skill upgradation / training programmes.
► Indian Industries Association, Varanasi (IIA)
► Provincial Industries Association (PIA)
► AIPMA (All India Plastic Manufacturer's Association) ;

The export of the plastic products from the district of Chandauli is more than 7 Crores, the HSN code analysis is done as per below.

HS code under which the product is exported from the district is 39232990, however the analysis is done upto six digits of HSN code which 392329 for Sacks and bags, incl. cones, of plastics (excluding those of polymers of ethylene) which shows value of INR 3,52,380 USD Thousand from India. India ranks 2nd in terms of export for the product after China. We shall focus on the export scenario of India and Uttar Pradesh and then deep dives into the export statistics of product 392329 stating the target countries for market expansion for both the products. Current Scenario The export scenario of India and Uttar Pradesh have been analysed basis the export statistics of HS codes 392329. Alongside are the key facts pertaining to the analysed product code. ;

► India’s exports represent 6% of world exports for this product & it’s ranking is number 2, behind China. While the value of India’s exports over the last 5 years has fluctuated but with an overall increase by CAGR 6%.
► As per data FY 2016-17 to 20-21 for exports from the state of UP, it is observed that there has been an increase. Being in the same region, India is primarily in competition with China, USA, Italy, France who account for 11.8% ,8.6 %, 6.4%, and 5.9% of world exports for this product i.e., China nearly five times or more than India’s level of exports. The following chart showcases the export countries in 2020 of the HSN Code- 392329

Since Varanasi and Bhadohi are the largest textile cluster in Uttar Pradesh and well known for its Silk /Mixed Sarees, Mixed fabrics & Products, Dress materials, Furnishings, Stoles, Scarves, Gauze and leno fabrics, brocades. In addition to silk and other fabrics, the cluster is the largest supplier for various carpets, cushion covers. Ramnagar industrial area of Chandauli have more than 1200 MSMEs are registered, where 2 units are Medium scale Industries, collectively the MSMEs at Chandauli district are Woolen, silk & artificial Thread based, Cotton textile, Ready-made garments & embroidery. The industry employs more than 1000 people in the district directly. However, by adding the number of weavers, engravers of Zari work and other arts it goes to 10,000. The industry produces tons of textile material and the turnover the textile from Chandauli is 1200 Crores. The export from the district for the duration of sept 2020 to Oct 2021 is 91.06 Crores. Where a major portion is of man-made textiles. The cluster is supported through the government agencies as DIEPC Chandauli and various Industry associations and IIA.

Listed below are different kinds of Textile manufactured in the region: 1. Silk /Mixed Sarees 2. Mixed fabrics & Products 3. Dress materials 4. Gauze and leno fabrics 5. Stole/Scarves 6. Carpets and Cushion Cover

Following are principal industry associations that are working for the development of Textile products: Following are principal Industry Associations/SPVs that are working for the development of Textiles in Chandauli:
► Indian Industry Association (IIA), Varanasi
► NIFT, Varanasi
► IIHT- Indian Institute of Handloom Technology, Ramnagar
► Weaver association of India ;

The export of the textile products from Chandauli happen into various categories, however the manufacturing is mainly done into Women Dress of textile material are knitted or crocheted. As described that the district has majority of weavers and engravers. In the following section we have shown the analysis of the major HSN code, as most of them are already covered in the 3rd Section of Zari Zardozi craft.

The identified HS codes for the Product are 610449 and 621430, which stands for Women's or girls' dresses of textile materials, knitted or crocheted (excluding of wool, fine animal hair, cotton, man-made fibres and petticoats) AND SHWLS, SCRVS, MUFFLERS ETC OF SYNTHTC FBRS Current Scenario The export scenario of India and Uttar Pradesh have been analysed basis the export statistics of HS code mentioned above under which majority of textile products are exported. Alongside are the key facts pertaining to the analysed product codes. ;

► There are various HSN Codes which may be used for Exports of Textile products but here, the analysis of one prominent HSN code (610449) has been done.
► The cluster is performing good export as compared to other cluster in the state of Uttar Pradesh has tremendous export potential, but owing to lack of proper market assessment mechanism, changing design patterns, specific demand preferences the export is comparatively less.
► Hence, it was pointed out that the proper study of the foreign market, region specific demand patterns to be ascertained. Along with that, a common platform to be created where there can be an integration between the exporters and importers, thereby making the export ecosystem robust and effective. India's exports represent 11.01% of world exports for this product, ranking it number 1, Italy, Indonesia, Cambodia are behind this. However, the value of India’s exports has gradually decreased by CAGR 8.14% in the past 5 years. The below is the graphical representation of the prominent countries shows value import

Product Diversification is one of the most crucial product uplifting strategies which in turn is an important part of a product’s export. This plays a vital role in any products exports as it is a product uplifting strategy. Most of the MSMEs are not bothered about changing their product range and they fail to understand that it is an integral part of comprehensive marketing. Modifications of Existing Products; It has also been found that most of the MSMEs use no strategy for making modifications to the existing products in the light of design and blending of new materials. It needs to be more change with other material which suits to them with less intervention. They are exploring the new age demand and cater them as a market leader.