The history of Bulandshahr begins even before 1200 B.C. This region is nearer to the capital of Pandavas – Indraprasth and Hastinapur. After of decline of Hastinapur, Ahar which is situated in the north east of district Bulandshahr became an important place for Pandavas. With passes of time the king Parma made a fort on this part of region and a king named Ahibaran laid the foundation of a tower called Baran (Bulandshahr).

Since it was perched on a highland it came to be known as high city which was translated into passion language as Bulandshahr. Bulandshahr is one of the minority concentrated districts of India, as per Census-2011, GOI. Indian ceramic industries can be broadly divided into two major groups, whiteware pottery and red clay pottery (including terracotta), which are both produced in India. Pottery industries are labour as well as energy intensive. Khurja is a small town in Bulandshahr district of western Uttar Pradesh, with the progress of civilization khurja becomes the largest ceramic cluster in India. It is also known as a ceramic city. In local language “Khurja” means waste land. The ceramic industry at Khurja has grown significantly and this cluster is fulfilling domestic requirements as well as contributing toward employment generation and earnings on export for the growth of the nation. At present there are 494 ceramic units in Khurja. Global ceramics market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.91% during the period 2017-2021. In the next five to 10 years, Indian ceramic industry has the potential to become the number one in the world. The industry is looking to almost double its turnover by 2021, driven by rising domestic consumption and exports to the Middle East, Europe and other newer destinations . Other than ceramic/ pottery products, Bulandshahr also manufactures of steel pipes, chemicals, rice and dairy products etc.

Bulandshahr district comes under Meerut division & it is situated between 28.40 to 28.00 north latitude and between 77.00 to 78.00 longitude. The District is about 84 km in length and 62 km is breadth. It has an average elevation of 237.44 meters above sea level. The river ganga separates this District from Amroha and Sambhal district from east and in the west river Yamuna separates the district from Haryana state and Delhi. In the north of district is Hapur and in south east are the borders of Aligarh district. Gautam buddha Nagar is situated in the southwest of Bulandshahr. The geographical area of the district is 4312 sq. km which is about 1.48 percent of the total Uttar Pradesh area. The urban area of the district is 122.8 sq. km and rural area as 4230.2 sq. km. Bulandshahr is near to Delhi and is in national capital region. The nuclear atomic power plant is located at Narora town of the district. National level satellite earth station is located near Sikandrabad town.

Bulandshahr, one of the important districts of western Uttar Pradesh, located in upper Ganga –Yamuna Doab. Ganga East and Yamuna West and most of the catchment area covered by Madhya Ganga Canal. The district has 7 tehsils, 16 blocks, and covers an area of 4353 square kilometres with a population of 3,498,507 in 2011. The north to south length of the district is 84 kilometres while east to west width is 62 kilometres. Wheat, rice, sugarcane, maize and potato are the major crops which are grown in plenty.

As given in the following table, MSME industries across the sectors of food/agro-based industries, Ceramic, repair & servicing, other manufacturing, wood, metal, apparel, paper, electrical and other transport, chemical, leather and engineering are key economy drivers in the district. Ceramic/ Pottery, Food/Agro based, Repair and installation of machinery and Equipment and Wood and Wooden products of wood contribute most in terms of employment and revenue. Ceramic/ Pottery based industry in the district is the most prominent sector of the district contributing most to the economy by being the largest employer and being at the top in terms of investments as well. It is followed by Agro-based industry, wooden & Readymade Garments respectively. As per table 1, the distribution of occupation in the district varies as per industrial clusters. Around 46% of MSME workers are employed in Ceramics pottery industry, around 22% engaged in machine/ equipment and repairs, and around 11% engaged in other manufacturing sector.

The total export from Bulandshahr is approximately INR 1597.85 Crore for the period September 2020 to November 2021. The following table depicts the value of export of major products from Meerut: The total export from Bulandshahr district during Sep 2020-Nov 2021 stands at 1,597.85 crore which includes export value of products i.e., ceramic/pottery, steel tube pipes sports goods, boneless meat of bovine animals, sugar, radial tyres, Para hydroxy dense salt, craft paper and paper board and others

Bulandshahr has around 500 ceramic units out of which almost 100 units are independent who have their own facilities to process raw materials and kilns to fire the products and the rest are dependent units who utilize the processing and firing facilities of other units on chargeable basis. During the Last Decade, Khurja Industries had undergone a phenomenal change. Most of the coal fired down draft kilns have been replaced by oil fired shuttle kilns and tunnel kilns to reduce the cost of production. Many useful products like stone ware crockery, sanitary ware, H.T. & L.T. Insulators, hospital ware, chemical porcelain, electro ceramics, kiln furniture, special ceramics, decorative wares, toys, figurines and bone china are produced in large quantities every day. Turnover of the cluster is 400 cr with approximate export turnover of 35 cr . Cluster provide the employment of 25,000 people direct or indirect.

Many useful products like stone ware crockery, sanitary ware, H.T. & L.T. Insulators, hospital ware, chemical porcelain, electro ceramics, kiln furniture, special ceramics, decorative wares, toys, figurines and bone china are produced in large quantities every day in Khurja of Bulandshahr, which is highly demand in local as well as globally.

Multiple varieties of Ceramic/Pottery exist including clay, technical ceramic, High alumina Ceramic, cutting tools and structural ceramic varieties.

Following are principal Industry Associations that are working for the development of Ceramic/Pottery:
► Khurja Pottery Manufacturers Association (KPMA): Khurja Pottery Manufacturers Association (KPMA) was established in 1977 in the campus of Government Pottery Centre, G.T. Road, Khurja. The founders of the association were Padam Shree Late Shri T.N. Sharma as a Patron, Shri Harnam Singh, President, Late Shri J.S. Minhas, Secretary and members as Shri R.K. Poddar, Shri Gurcharan Singh, Late Shri H.M.S. Chhatwal, Shri Sohan Lal Sharma & Shri Shiv Narayan Kaushik. Some well-known & eminent personalities of the nation like Shri Dharam Singh, Speaker of the Govt. of U.P., Shri Ashok Pradhan, State Minister of Communication and Information Technology, Govt. of India, Shree Ravindra Raghav, MLA, Shri Sarver Hussein Khan, State Minister of Food & Civil Supplies, Govt. of India, have chaired the association time to time. Presently, the strength of KPMA member’s is 436. The main aims for setting up the association were as follows To provide technical assistance, new establishments of industries and all-around developments etc. to the SME’s To create friendly atmosphere between the association and entrepreneurs to organize seminars/workshops/technical lectures/exhibitions etc. for the benefit of the SMEs. To collect commercial economy & technical data and provide to the SMEs for the betterment of the cluster. To establish a library for enhancing the technical knowledge of the entrepreneurs. To control the prices of the finished goods and to provide possible facilities for the marketing of the finished goods. To solve the problems related to the excise duty, trade tax, electricity etc.
► Kuteer Avam Hastshilp Potters Association (KHPA): The KHPA has been formed very recently in May 2000, to voice the concerns of the unorganized dependent potters in Khurja. Presently, KHPA has about 38 members registered with it.
► Khurja Pottery Raw Material Association: The KPRMA was formed in 1998 for solving the payment, tax related matters there are 25 members of the association.
► Indian Industries Association, Bulandshahr
► Laghu Udyog Bharti, Bulandshahr

HS codes under which the product is exported from the district.

Current Scenario The export scenario of World and India have been analysed basis the export statistics of HS code 691200 (Tableware, kitchenware, other household articles and toilet articles, of ceramics other than porcelain of china) under which Ceramic products is exported from Bulandshahr district. Major focus of the industry is on domestic consumption with limited export focus through tie-ups with exporters based in Delhi and Moradabad .

691200: Tableware, kitchenware, other household articles and toilet articles, of ceramics other than porcelain of china India's exports represent 0.9% of world exports for this product, ranking it number 24, behind China, Portugal, UK, Thailand and Germany amongst other countries. The value of India’s exports has gradually increased by CAGR 48.22% from 2015 to 2018, showing a steep increase in 2018. India exported this product to Iran, Indonesia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Yemen, China, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, USA, Nepal etc.

Product Diversification is one of the most crucial product uplifting strategies which in turn is an important part of a product’s export. Currently, only the limited products with traditional designs are being sold directly in the market. Knowing the health/technological/economic benefits of the product an initiative can be made for product diversification to manufacture value added products such as insulator, electrical plates, medical instruments, or high end ceramic products.

The state is a leading producer in agriculture products like rice, wheat, sugarcane etc. The economy of the cluster is heavily dependent on agriculture products. Approximate Export turnover of the Rice is INR 145.61 Cr.

Rice: Any rice other than Basmati Rice is named as non-Basmati rice. In the world it has been reported that there are over 10,000 varieties of rice and out of which the maximum number are in India.

Rice: Multiple varieties of rice exist including short-grain, medium-grain, and long-grain varieties

Following are principal Industry Associations that are working for the development of Rice:
► Agriculture and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)
► Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
► Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research (IISR)
► National Sugar Institute, Kanpur
► Agriculture Department
► Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK)
► Indian Industries Association (IIA)
► Rice Export Promotion Forum (REPF)
► Participatory Rural Development Foundation (PRDF) - PRDF is a Gorakhpur based philanthropic organisation founded Dr. Ram Chet Chaudhary, a leading Agri-scientist working for the benefit of farming community of North India
► International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) - world’s premier research organization dedicated to reducing poverty and hunger through rice science; improving the health and welfare of rice farmers and consumers; and protecting the rice-growing environment for future generations
► National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack (NRRI) - The National Rice Research Institute is located in Cuttack in Odisha state. The basic objective of institute is to conduct basic, applied, and adaptive research on crop improvement and resource management for increasing and stabilizing rice productivity in different rice ecosystems with special emphasis on rainfed ecosystems and the related abiotic stresses
► U.P. Council of Agricultural Research (UPCAR) - The UPCAR is an autonomous apex state organisation registered as a society, which plans, co-ordinates and promotes research, education, training, and transfer of technology for advancement of agriculture and allied sciences. The UPCAR was established on June 14, 1989, with its headquarters at Lucknow.

Current Scenario The export scenario of World and India have been analysed basis the export statistics of HS code 100630 (Semi-milled or wholly milled rice, whether or not polished or glazed) under which Basmati rice is exported from Bulandshahr district. Alongside are the key facts pertaining to the analysed product code.

1. Rice: HS Code 100630 (Semi-milled or wholly milled rice, whether or not polished or glazed)
► The total exports of product from Bulandshahr district as per HS code 10063020 are around INR 145.61 crores in the period September 20 to November 2021.
► India's exports represent 36.28% of world exports for this product, its ranking in world exports is 1.
► India exported this product to Iran, Indonesia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Yemen, China, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, USA, Nepal etc.

Rice: Product Diversification is one of the most crucial product uplifting strategies which in turn is an important part of a product’s export. Currently, only the grains of rice are being sold directly in the market. Knowing the health benefits of the product an initiative can be made for product diversification to manufacture value added products such as chiwda, poha, brown rice, rice noodles, idli & dosa batter. The broken rice can be used to create flour. Rice flour is gluten-free; therefore, it is an alternative for producing gluten-free products. Rice flour is also hypoallergenic. Thus, it can be utilized for producing baby food, puddings, and other food products. Due to the decreased risk for people with sensitivities, food companies prefer rice flour to other varieties of flour. Thus, it is economically justifiable to grind broken rice to produce flour for such applications. With adequate upgradation of technology in the cluster the farmers/ millers can sell by-products and generate additional income by manufacturing by-products from Rice Husks, Brans and Straws; the following are their uses:

Chemical Industry is an important industry and place’s significant role in the total exports from India. The sector wise export from India under Chemical Sector is mentioned below: Chemical Industry in Bulandshahr: The Chemical Industry in Bulandshahr specializes in Agro Chemical Manufacturing. The industry has diversified into manufacturing herbicide & fungicide and active pharmaceuticals ingredients (APIs) and value-added variants. The industries primarily relate to organized sector. Gayatri Pesticides Limited, Sikandrabad, Bulandshahr is leading chemical manufactures in India operating globally. They are among top five manufacturers globally for several Technicals both in Fungicides and Herbicides. Because of their niche and quality products portfolio, they are strategic supplier for USA, Australia, Europe, Africa, South America, and Asia.

Bulandshahr district is well known for its processed meat cluster. The export of processed meat from district holds a prominent place in the Indian economy. There are two APEDA registered integrated abattoirs cum meat processing plants in the district employing around 1,000 workers. The two slaughterhouses in Meerut’s area deal in chilled boneless buffalo meat, chilled boneless buffalo offals, frozen boneless buffalo meat, frozen boneless buffalo offals which is primarily exported to Gulf countries. M/s. AL Saqib Exports Pvt. ltd. and M/s. Tanya Marketing Private limited these are two units which is registered from APEDA & contribute for major export of processed meat from the district. The cluster’s annual turnover in 2020-21 was around INR 20 Cr and the export value was 4 Cr.

Boneless Meat of Bovine Animals. Other Edible Offal of Bovine Animals.

► Chilled Boneless Buffalo Meat
► Chilled Boneless Buffalo Offal
► Frozen Boneless Buffalo Meat
► Frozen Boneless Buffalo Offal

Raw material supplier The primary raw material suppliers are farmers who supply the disease-free animals to the slaughterhouse. Unit owners & Workers There are 2 slaughterhouses involved in processing and export of meat. More than 5,000 workers are working in these units and are residing in Meerut, Ghaziabad, GB Nagar, Hapur and nearby areas of Meerut. Machinery Supplier Most of the units are having modern abattoir cum meat processing plant with most of segments are fully automated.

Following are principal industry associations that are working for the development of processed meat industry:
► National Food Laboratory (Food Research and Standardization Laboratory (FRSL)), Ahinsa Khand-II, Indirapuram Ghaziabad - FSSAI Notified Referral Laboratory under section 43 (2) of FSS Act, 2006.
► Association of Meat Scientists and Technologists: Association of Meat Scientists and Technologists” with the headquarters at the Department of Meat Science and Technology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 600 007 has been established with the Objectives : • To protect the professional needs; maintain the honour and interests of professionals of the meat industry. • To conduct the training programmes, workshops, seminars and conferences to suitably train personnel to resolve problems faced by the industry. • To promote the interests of the industry by liaising with line departments of the government, and trade bodies.
► MSME-Development Institute (MSME-DI), Okhla: MSME-DIs are the subordinate offices of Development Commissioner, MSME. These offices are responsible for assisting MSMEs financially through schemes and improving their technical skills through skill upgradation / training programmes.
► Indian Industries Association, Bulandshahr (IIA)
► All India Meat and Livestock Exporters Association ;

The export scenario of World and India have been analysed basis the export statistics of HS codes 020230 under which meat is exported. Alongside are the key facts pertaining to the analysed product code. ;

► The total exports of boneless meat from the district as per HS code 020230 is around INR 5.80 crores from September 2020 to November 2021.
► India's exports represent 11.2% of world exports for this product, its ranking in world exports is 3 under HS code 020230 and 4 . Product 020230: Uttar Pradesh exported this product to Hongkong, China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Egypt, Indonesia, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Philippines, UAE etc. Below figure shows the top importers for this product from India area:

Bulandshahr district is known for hollow steel pipes or iron pipes. Sikandrabad industrial area of Bulandshahr has lots of industries of steel pipes and they export on large scale. There are more than 40 large and small micro units of steel pipes and their ancillary units in the cluster. It provides employment of more than 2,000 workers directly or indirectly. M/s. APL Apollo, Hi-tech pipes limited, M/s. MSPL and M/s. Vishal Pipes are leading units which contribute for major export of steel pipes from the district. The cluster’s annual turnover in 2020-21 was around INR 1200 Cr and the export value was 368 Cr.

► Structural ERW
► Non-Structural ERW
► Structural ERW Non-Structural ERW HSAW LSAW Seamless Ductile Iron pipes (HSAW)
► Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welded (LSAW)
► Seamless
► Ductile Iron pipes

► Other, welded, of circular cross-section, made up of non-ally steel tube/pipes
► Of square or rectangular cross-section
► ERW precision other tubes made up of other;

Raw material supplier The primary raw material suppliers are Iron and steel industries who supply the error free materials to the units established in Bulandshahr. Unit owners & Workers There are 40 micro, small and large units involved in processing and export of steel pipes. More than 2,000 workers are working in these units and are residing in Bulandshahr, Meerut, Ghaziabad, GB Nagar, Hapur and nearby areas of Bulandshahr. Machinery Supplier Large units having modern machineries in their plant with most of segments are semi-automated.

The cluster comprises of support institutions that can be broadly classified into three categories – trade and industry association, educational and training institutions, and other institutions. The trade and industry associations assist industries in the cluster in getting clearances and approvals, solving issues regarding industrial infrastructure, providing information on latest government schemes etc. Educational and training institute provide training to labours and assist in addressing availability of skilled labour. Other institutions comprise banks and logistics service providers. Following are main Industry Associations that are working for the development of steel pipes sector:
► Indian Industries Association (IIA)
► Engineering Export Promotion Council (EEPC)
► All India Manufacturers’ Organization (AIMO)
► Exporters Association
► Industrial Area Manufacturers’ Association (AIMA)
► The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM)
► Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
► Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) ;

Current Scenario The export scenario of World and India have been analysed basis the export statistics of HS codes 73063090 under which steel pipes is exported. Alongside are the key facts pertaining to the analysed product code.;

► The total exports of boneless meat from the district as per HS code 73063090 is around INR 55.21 crores from September 2020 to November 2021.
► India's exports represent 3.4% of world exports for this product, its ranking in world exports is 9 under HS code 730630 .
► The total exports of boneless meat from the district as per HS code 73063090 is around INR 55.21 crores from September 2020 to November 2021.
► India's exports represent 3.4% of world exports for this product, its ranking in world exports is 9 under HS code 730630 . Product 730630: Uttar Pradesh exported this product to UK, Nepal, Trinidad, Belgium, Australia, Qatar, Hongkong, USA, Germany, Cyprus, Saudi Arabia, Philippines, UAE etc. Below figure shows the top importers for this product from India area: