Agra is situated in the western region of Uttar Pradesh, Agra is popularly known as the “City of Taj” because of the marvellous Taj Mahal which is one of the many wonders of the world. x

It is one of the top five tourist destinations of the country, known for its historical importance and architecture marvels. The city is home to many such architectural excellence like Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri etc., some of which are declared as UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites.2 Agra falls within the Bra cultural region. The Agra district is divided into Six Tehsils and 15 Blocks.

Agra situated in the western region of UP, has an area of 4041 sq. Km. and a population of 4,418,797 making it the most populous city of UP and the 24th most populous city in India . The city is bounded by Mathura in the north, Dholpur and Bharatpur of Rajasthan in the south & west and Firozabad of UP in the east.

► Air: Kheriya Airport located 9km southwest of the city is well equipped to carry air traffic and cargo. All main airline companies have their flights operating from Agra.
► Rail: Agra is a major rail junction connecting the north-south and east-west lines. Agra is also connected well to the north-east and eastern part of the nation via Kanpur and new Jalpaiguri. To the west Agra is well connected to north and north western Rajasthan via Jaipur.
► Road:Idgah is the hub of roadways in the city, Idgah Inter State Bus Terminal provides services to various important cities like Ajmer, Bikaner, Delhi, Jaipur, Jhansi, Kanpur, Lucknow, Mathura, Udaipur, Varanasi, etc. Agra fort bus terminal is another roadways hub of the city. Agra also have major national highway connectivity access via NH 2, NH 3, NH 11 & NH 93.Agra is about 210 km away from the National capital of New Delhi (via Yamuna Expressway), about 336 km from state capital Lucknow (via Agra-Lucknow Expressway), and about 227 km from Kanpur (via Agra-Lucknow Expressway).

The region around Agra consists almost entirely of a level plain, with hills in the extreme southwest. The rivers in the region include Yamuna and Chambal. The region is also watered by the Agra Canal. The sandstone hills near Fatehpur Sikri and on the south-eastern borders of the district are offshoots from the Vindhya range of Central India. The city has an average elevation of 170 metres above sea level. Agra district is situated in the South-West semi-arid zone of UP. The average rainfall (annual) of the district is 750 mm. Temperature varies from 40C (During December-January) to 480C (During May-June) respectively. The total reported area of the district is 398460 ha, out of which net sown area is 285496 ha and the irrigated area is 235063 ha with cropping intensity of 139.51%.
The soils of the district are loam sandy loam ravines and wasteland. The fertility status of the soil is poor to very poor. The major crops of the district are Bajra (115736 ha with the productivity of 16.68q/ha), Rice (5215 ha, with the productivity of 21.59 q/ha), Sorghum (4289 ha with the productivity of 7.55q/ha), Arhar (827 ha with the productivity of 6.95q/ha), Urd (179 ha with the productivity of 6.37 q/ha), Til (1885 ha with the productivity of 1.98 q/ha), in Kharif. In Rabi major crops are grown wheat (140427 ha with the productivity of 37.03 q/ha), Mustard (52639 ha with the productivity of 17.41q/ha), Potato (56303 ha with the productivity of 263.77 q/ha), Barley (7058 ha with the productivity of 32.98q/ha), Gram (1281 ha with the productivity of 18.57q/ha) and other vegetables.

Tourism is one of the most integral part of Agra economy. The medieval period importance, historic buildings, marvellous architecture and above all the exquisite Taj Mahal makes Agra one of the top tourist destinations not only in India but also at World level. The flow of tourist to the destination invites currency flow immensely. The other attractions include Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri. The promotion of tourism and tourists helps Agra a fertile land for marketing goods. Foreigners and domestic tourists equally become part of the market thus creating huge opportunity to the working mass in the city.

The district has around 9,540 functional units that employs around 4,87,460 individuals. The key enterprises of the district include leather footwear and Leather products, marble & stone craft, carpet, zari- zardozi,Hospitality & tourism, Meat processing, Engineering goods and Plastic surgical goods. With around 7000 units of production, Agra footwear industry supplies 65% of India’s footwear demand. Turnover of these units sum up to an annual turnover of Rs. 24000 crores, out of which, the export turnover is around Rs. 2000 crores. The following table depicts the MSME units with their turnover and employment:

Out of total population of 44,18,797 (2011 census), 13,89,844 are working population. Out of total working population, 56% are working in other industries, 37% are cultivators and agricultural labourers and only 7% are household industry workers. This indicates that agriculture is the main source of income in the district.

The total export from Agra is approximately INR2352.19 Crore for the period September 2020 to November 2021. 16 The following tabledepicts the value of export of seven major products from Agra:

Leather products

Leather products cluster of Agra covers Agra city and surrounding areas, Achnera, and Fatehpur Sikri blocks. There are ~7000 operational units in the cluster employing around 200,000 and with a turnover of about INR 24,000 crore18and export about INR 2352.19. 19 Agra city is considered as the hub of the cluster as it has the maximum no. of units & artisans and it is well connected to neighboring cities through road, rail, and air ways.
The footwear production unit in Agra are highly concentrated in 50 localities spread all over the city. Apart from these concentrated areas, the production units are also spread in different areas of the city with less concentration. The localities having the concentration of production units in Agra city are shown as follows: -

Agra’s shoemaking tradition began during the early days of Mughal Empire in the 16th century when the hing (Asafoetida) was imported from Afghanistan and Iran, packed in leather containers called mushak. These mushaks were discarded once their purpose was served. The craftsmen of Agra soon realized that these leather bags could be reused for making footwear. Thus, began the footwear industry in Agra. Even today, one of the main markets for footwear in the city goes by the name 'Hing Ki Mandi', with over 5000 shops. Shoemaking was prosperous industry under the Mughals and continued to thrive during the British period. While initially the shoemakers worked exclusively to produce embroidered footwear in velvet and silk cloth studded with golden threads, sold under the name 'Salem Shahis', later they also started making footwear for the British army. Agra served as one of the big headquarters for Indo British Army which needed leather for boots and sundry other items for the armed forces. This resulted in the development of Agra as a footwear industry. After the First World War the demand of leather products decreased but the outbreak of Second World War again gave an opportunity to the tanning industry. During 1960s, a large quantity of hides and skins in the country was converted into semi-tanned leather. In the beginning of the 1970s, the government realized that the country had the capacity to manufacture finished leather. Hence, export of semi-finished leather was discouraged. The industry was encouraged to adopt the latest technology. During the 1980s, there were many changes, viz., modernization of production processes, improvement of human skills, standardization of quality of products, these all changes proved to be turning point in the development of leather industry. During the 1990s, the Exim Policy favoured export of value-added leather products and duty-free import of all types of leather was allowed. This helped a lot in the development of footwear industry. Since 2000, the increasing demand of footwear from foreign countries, government policy support, etc., have been giving strength to footwear industry. Many institutions have been established by the Government of India for the development of leather industry, such as, CLRI, CFTI, FDDI, NLDP, CLE, etc. The footwear industry in Agra exists mainly in the form of cottage units. Some units have developed themselves into semi-mechanized ones and undertaken exports. Today, they contribute approximately 65% into India’s total exports of footwear. Agra is India’s the leading centres for leather footwear production by providing 65% of total shoe supply of the country. This cluster is spread throughout Agra city region and the exports from the cluster contribute around 15% of the total footwear exports in the country.

The following are the key products manufactured in the cluster: Mainly, there are two types of footwear: 1. Open Footwear: Open Footwear are of two types: Chappals and Sandals. a. Chappals are the ones with an insole and a strap-across the instep, with or without a ring to hold the big toe. Sole is either stitched or cemented with a low or high heel. b. Sandals consists of an insole with upper having straps across the vamp portion with flat or high heels. A belt passes round the heel to keep the foot in position by a buckle arrangement.;
2. Close Footwear: a. Oxford is the type of lace-up shoe with a low heel in which the quarters are kept under the vamp and stitched. Oxfords are now made from a variety of materials, including calf leather, faux and genuine patent leather, suede, and canvas. They are normally black or brown and may be plain or patterned. b. Brogue is the rough footwear of peasants which is an oxford construction with the upper decorated with stitches and punches. they are most commonly found in one of four toe cap styles (full or "wingtip", semi-, quarter and long wing) and four closure styles (Oxford, Derby, ghillie, and monk). Today, in addition to their typical form of sturdy leather shoes or boots, brogues may also take the form of business dress shoes, sneakers, high-heeled women's shoes, or any other shoe form that utilises or evokes the multi-piece construction and perforated, serrated piece edges characteristic of brogues. c. Derby (also called Gibson) is a style of boot or shoe characterized by quarters, with shoelace eyelets that are sewn on top of the vamp. This construction method, also known as "open lacing", contrasts with that of the Oxford shoe. d. Monk is nothing but a derby style in which strap buckle is attached across the instep. e. Casual Shoes suitable for everyday wear rather than formal occasions. They are shoes which are easy to wear and have an elastic gusset across the instep or on sides. f. Combat Boot is footwear covering the foot and ankle, and sometimes the lower leg. It is of derby construction with the quarters above or up to the ankle. They are military boots designed to be worn by soldiers during combat or combat training. Modern combat boots are designed to provide a combination of grip, ankle stability, and foot protection suitable for a rugged environment. They are traditionally made of hardened and sometimes waterproofed leather with PU Soles. g. Chukka is derby style footwear with the quarters up to ankle with two or three eyelets. If the quarters above the ankle have an elastic gusset, they are Chelsea boot (an elastic-sided boot with a pointed toe). h. Ghillie tie is a lady’s style shoe with laces along the instep with its lace passing through loops instead of eyelets. Court shoe is a woman’s plain, lightweight shoe that has a low-cut upper and no fastening. It is a heeled shoe of slip-on type with a counter, toecap, vamp, and quarters j. Sling-back is a shoe held in place by a strap around the ankle above the heel. It is same as court shoe but with a strap and buckle passing round the heel. Moccasin is a soft leather slipper or shoe originally worn by North American Indians in which the upper also passes through the bottom of the shoe. The apron is stitched by hand. Shoe may possess a heel. k. Children's school footwear is a derby style one with a broad toe for boys. A shoe with a wide toe and a bar and buckle attachment for girls. Children shoes are usually made of smooth materials with much elastic properties to provide them comfort for their growing feet. l. Safety Boot: A steel-toe boot (also known as a safety boot, steel-capped boot, or safety shoe) is a durable boot or shoe that has a protective reinforcement in the toe which protects the foot from falling objects or compression. Safety shoes are effective in keeping the feet of industrial workers safe from sharp and heavy objects while working in factories.

Agra Footwear Manufacturers and Exporters Chamber has applied for Geographical Indications (GI) tag (Application No. 721) as “Agra Leather (Footwear)” to get the product nationally and internationally recognized.;

Cluster Stakeholders

Following are four principal Industry Associations/SPVs that are working for the development of leather products in Agra: 1) Agra Footwear Manufacturers and Exports Council (AFMEC) - The most active association at Agra is Agra Footwear Manufacturers and Exports Council (AFMEC) and its role is confined to advocacy and redressal of grievances of its members. Formed in 1994, with 112 members, it is headed by PuranchandDawar. 2) Agra Juta Niramana Samiti- mainly engaged in advocacy work. 10 micro and 68 small industry are part if this association. It is headed by Avdesh Kumar Maurya. 3) Agra Shoe Manufacturers Association (ASMA)- consists of 35 medium scale units and 89 small units. With 124 units it was formed in 2010. 4) Juta Dastakara Federation- formed in 1993 is one among the old associations formed for advocating the micro units and consists of 3000 members. It is headed by Bharat Singh. 5) Council of Leather Export (CLE) – works for exporters of leather products.The office of CLE is situated in Singana, Mathura Road. 6) Sikandara Factory Owners Association- was formed in 2000 for the welfare of units in Sikandara. It has 180 small units, 15 mico units and 5 meduim units as memebers registered. 7) BodalaBichpuri Road Industries association- headed by Pradeep Wasan represent the 18 medium industries locatred at the BodalaBichpuri road. It was formed in 1958. 8) CFC-Training center of leather product, Nawadakheda, Samsabad, road, Agra. ;

Export Scenario

The following table lists the HS codes under which the products are exported from the district:The export scenario of India and Uttar Pradesh have been analysed basis the export statistics of HS codes mentioned above under which Leather products- footwear are exported. Alongside are the key facts 21pertaining to the analysed product codes. Based on our analysis, we have identified key synergies that should be developed to expand our current reach and potential; These synergies are divided into immediate and long term. The immediate synergies include countries with Signed FTA’s, high growth potential, and one is catered by India and not UP. Whereas the long-term synergies include countries with untapped market potential which can only be fulfilled if UP’s exporters comply and raise the quality of the product to the highest standards, freight rates are more subsidized and major effortsis required in marketing which will require time to accommodate the same. ;

As various products are manufactured and sold under the Leather products category of Agra22, in order to gauge our understanding of where India stands relative to the world on the trade of these products, each product has been delved into as a separate unit defined by its exports and imports in comparison to its competition and potential markets to target in the future.23 The consolidated list of countries that India can target, respective to the analysis carried out in each chapter are UAE, Japan, USA, Indonesia, UK, and Viet Nam as mapped below. Product 1: 640391- Footwear with outer soles of rubber, plastics, or composition leather, with uppers of leather, covering the ankle (excluding incorporating a protective metal toecap, sports footwear, orthopaedic footwear, and toy footwear) India's exports represent 6% of world exports for this product, ranking it number 5, behind Viet Nam, China, Italy, and Germany. The value of India’s exports over the last 5 years have decreased by CAGR 2% with a sharp increase in 2019 and then a subsequent dip post that. As per data FY 2018-19 to 2020-21 for exports from the state of UP, it is observed that there has been decreased by CAGR 9.64%, with a similarly sharp increase in 2018-19 which fell in the year post that. The top importers for this product in the world are given below, alongside the value of the product imported in 2020. Figure 6: The top importers for this product in the world for HSN-640391 Prominent Import Countries to whom India export Countries to whom UP exports this product in HSN code -640391 are Spain, France, Germany, Saudi Arab, UK, Canada, Australia, Sweden, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Nepal, Netherland, and Oman.
Product 2: 640399- Footwear with outer soles of rubber, plastics, or composition leather, with uppers of leather (excluding covering the ankle, incorporating a protective metal toecap, sports footwear, orthopaedic footwear, and toy footwear) India's exports represent 1% of world exports for this product, ranking it number 16, behind China, Viet Nam, Italy, Germany, Belgium, France, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Poland, Indonesia, UK, Hong Kong, Austria, and Switzerland. The value of India’s exports over the last 5 years have increased by CAGR 3% with a sharp increase in 2019 and then a subsequent dip post that. As per data FY 2018-19 to 2020-21 for exports from the state of UP, it is observed that there has been decreased by CAGR 14.18%, with a similarly sharp increase in 2018-19 which fell in the year post that.Countries to whom UP exports this product in HSN code -640391 areUK, Spain, Poland, Germany, France, Netherland, Italy, USA, Belgium, Australia, UAE, Denmark, South Africa, Chile, and Slovenia.

Product Diversification – The Industry may focus on export of value-added items like Mineral free leather i.e., to develop leather without using chrome or other mineral tanning agents. Huge waste of leather and rubber by footwear industry is visible along the drain and job work done by people for in big numbers, which is mostly complete at home, does not recycle and instead throws waste in open areas and drains. When waste is left unattended for several days at an open dump or in dustbins, it is burned to minimise volume. At the secondary collection point, the total amount of leather and rubber waste is estimated to be around 60 MT per day. 26Leather industries need model such as waste to wealth, below table shows the waste to wealth model:

Product 2: Marble / Stone handicrafts products

Uttar Pradesh has been undertaking large scale manufacturing of stone handicrafts since the Mughal era. The primary hubs of production in the state are the clusters of Agra and Varanasi. In comparison, Agra’s production is much larger than that of Varanasi.27 As of today, the cluster has around 1,158 registered and un-registered functional unitsError! Bookmark not defined. spread across Agra city, Bichpuri, Achanera, Kheragadh and Fatehpur Sikri, employing over 75,000 individuals directly and indirectly at various value chain activities including 8,000 artisans28solely employed in the production process of marble inlay and stone carving. Apart from the artisans, cluster also has unitholders, Merchant Exporting Firms(MEFs)/ exporters, raw material & machinery suppliers and various financial and non-financial support institutions who are the major stakeholders of the cluster. The cluster’s annual turnover in FY 21 was INR 848 Cr and it’s exported around 50% of it to countries like USA, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Canada, Switzerland, Singapore etc.,29while, the rest is sold domestically in the local markets. Thus, making this industry one of the major contributors to the GDP of the district.

The cluster mainly manufactures high-quality marble inlay and stone craft products that include kitchenware, decorative product, tabletops, jewellery boxes, statues, and souvenirs etc. The production of the cluster largely depends on the tourist traffic and the demand of oversea markets.
The price of marble and stone handicraft product is directly proportional to the type of stone used, type of design and labour charges. Hence, the exact cost for each type of product is hard to quote.

Cluster Stakeholders

Only One Industry Associations/SPVs that is working for the development of Stone handicrafts :
► Handicrafts Exporters Association - Agra ;

Export Scenario

HS codes under which the product is exported from the district.Marble inlay and stone crafts including stone carved handicrafts have managed to stay relevant even in these modern times. The international audiences from UAE, Saudi, Iran, USA, UK, France, Germany, Canada is seen to have a strong affection to the stone crafts. Tabletops, miniatures of monuments, kitchenware, stands etc. India also manages to supply the above stated items in the international market. The handicrafts of India have its own demand due to its Unique Selling Point- “hand-made”. The artifacts of India are popular due to the fact that it is still not entirely machine made. A lot of cluster in India still follow the traditional approach and tools while manufacturing the products. A large percentage of the exports from India is catered by UP, particularly Agra. The products manufactured from Agra are exported under the codes 681599. ;

► The total exports of stone handicrafts products from Agra district werearound INR 427.77 Cr in year 2020-21.
► India's exports represent 6% of world exports for this product, its ranking in world exports is 7.31
► Other prominent products exported from Agra District are Leather footwear, Meat, Engineering goods, etc. Product 681599: Articles of stone or other mineral substances, N.E.S. (excluding containing magnesite, dolomite or chromite and articles of graphite or other carbon) As per trade indicators, India's exports represent 6% for this product code ranking in 7th in world exports, behind China, Germany, Taipei Chinese, Austria, USA, and Japan. The value exported in 2020 is USD 1,04,551 Thousand. However, the value of India’s exports over the last 5 years have increased by CAGR 7%. And, as per data FY 2018-19 to 2020-21 for exports from the state of UP, it is observed that there has been a decrease in the CAGR by 7.07%.
Importers of the product: The following figure highlights the top importers of the world along with their value of exports (2020) and annual growth in value: The following figure highlights the top 15 countries importing from India along with their value of exports (2020) and annual growth in valueIn the financial year 2020-21, UP exported 65,270 USD Thousand to USA, UK, Germany, Turkey, Australia, China P, Netherland, UAE, Canada, Korea RP, Saudi Arab, Spain, Brazil, South Africa, and Mexico.

Product Diversification– The Industry may focus on export of value-added items of daily use like kitchenware, bathroom ware etc. to generate additional revenue.

Carpet

Agra Durrie is a traditional hand-woven textile product. It is a flat woven pileless rug having a rich variety of designs and colours. It is essentially a thick cotton woven fabric meant for spreading on the floor. It is a weft-faced fabric on both its sides as warp is completely covered by the weft. In its simplest form it is made in plain weave and in simple stripes in different colours running from side to side or broken into rectilinear sections or with simple patterns in single colour or multi colours. Antique Agra Rugs Agra has been a major center of area rug and carpet production since the great period of Mughal art in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. When the carpet industry was revived there under British rule in the nineteenth century, the great Mughal tradition got a new lease on life, accompanied by a new interest in the sorts of classically derived designs current in Persian rug production during the same period. Because of this, nineteenth and early twentieth century Agra carpets enjoyed a varied and eclectic background that could draw on all the great achievements of Oriental carpet weaving. Antique Agra rugs present elegant all-over designs alongside medallion or centralized patterns. They have the rich pungent palette of classical Indian and Persian carpets as well as soft, cool earthy tones. Less widely known is that Agra has also been a large center for rug weaving since the 16th century. When Agra first became the Mughal capital in 1566, it also established its presence as a rug weaving center. The carpets here are known for their unmatched style and elegance. India’s carpet weaving marked its beginning in 1580 AD, when Akbar introduced Persian design carpet weaving in Fatehpur Sikri. Mughal carpets were brightly coloured, and the hand knotted silk carpets had 4224 knots per square inch with designs depicting the court life, animals, and floral decoration. The Indians themselves had never had much need for large carpets and the craft was introduced relatively late. During Jehangir’s reign in 1605 AD, the carpets became customised to Indian culture and taste, the use pf silk and pashmina permitted a greater number of knots resulting in a tight texture. During the 17th century, a number of skilful Persians were called in to impart their weaving knowledge in India. Large carpet factories were started in Lahore; the patterns as well as the knotting closely resembled Persian work. A number of antique carpets from this time are now found in museums throughout Europe and America. Production of fine rugs continued here through the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 17th century after which most antique Agra rugs were categorized as Indo Isfahan weaving. Since the end of the 19th century rugs in India have been primarily woven to order and have been made with the finest quality in mind. Although later rugs do derive patterns from their predecessors, the changing style of Agra carpets can be most clearly seen during the British rule of the 19th and 20th centuries. Production ceased after the 1920’s but resumed again in more recent times. Now, Agra carpets are considered some of the most decorative pieces internationally. Agra Rugs are difficult to classify as they vary in size, design, and composition. Although they often exhibit open fields with smaller medallions and guards, they can also be woven with all-over designs. Similarly, the fields are usually composed of olive greens, blues, fawns, and tans, but can also be red or other colors. They are usually woven with wool, but can also be found with cotton. The older Mughal pieces are relatively rare (they are usually found in fragments or are re-sized and heavily restored) and as such are much more valuable. The weight of an Agra is one telling factor between the older Mughal Agra carpets which are lighter and the newer Agra rugs that are heavier. As of today, the cluster has around 90 registered and un-registered functional units spread across Fatehpur Sikri, EtmadpurKhandauli, Shamshabad, Fatehabad, Jagner, Kheragarh, Sainya, Achanera, Akola, Bichpuri, BarauliAhir, Bah, Pinahat&Jaitpur Kalan of Agra district, employing over 75,000 individuals directly and indirectly at various value chain activities including 500 artisans33solely employed in the production process of marble inlay and stone carving. Apart from the artisans, cluster also has unitholders, Merchant Exporting Firms (MEFs)/ exporters, raw material & machinery suppliers and various financial and non-financial support institutions who are the major stakeholders of the cluster. The cluster’s annual turnover in FY 21 was INR 500 Cr and it’s exported around 50% of it to countries like USA, UK, Canada, Australia, Sweden, Italy, UAE etc.,while, the rest is sold domestically in the local markets.

Agra Durrie is a flat woven pileless rug having a rich variety of designs and colours in simple stripes in different colours running from side to side or broken into rectilinear sections or with simple patterns in single colour or multi colours. Agra Durries being woven in and around Agra can be classified in three types as follows: Durries of Cotton / jute / Hemp : This kind of Durries are made of Cotton / jute / Hemp and can be woven into different sizes and needs, such as large durries for decoration of large halls, lobbies, stair cases, up to about eighty feet in length and twenty five feet width, Durries for saddle cloth or animal cover, large grain carrying bags. Cotton – smaller room durries, bed durries, ja-namaz (prayer mat) with single or multi niche. Woollen Durrie: Woollen durries are in which warp is cotton yarn and weft is woollen yarn. Woollen durries are stripped or having repeated geometric motifs, framed by simple borders as well as pictorial designs with a woven narrative including images of flowers, birds, reptiles and people are woven. These Durries are used in Big Tents, Halls, Darbar Halls, Marriage pavilions, smaller room durries, bed durries, ja-namaz (prayer mat) with single or multi niche. Chindi Durrie: The Chindi Durrie or rag rug in which waste cloth (chindis) are formed into a weft strand and used in weft determines in weight of rag-rug. It was originally made from scraps of old apparel, the wrap being the stout cotton thread, but the scraps have now changed and now they come in bluk, right out of the garment manufacturing units that is why the chindi durrie appears in all colours of the rainbow. An innovation on the same theme is leather scrap durrie. With thriving leather industry at Agra, Kanpur and other places, leather scrap is no problem, and this being fashioned into elegant and unusual rugs.

► Hand Made/Knotted carpets, Kilim, Durries;

AgraDurries has been awarded Geographical Indication (G.I.) status in 2013 and is valid up to 2031.;

Cluster Stakeholders

Export Scenario

HS codes under which the product is exported from the district;
Current Scenario The export scenario of World and India have been analysed basis the export statistics of HS codes 570241under which carpetsis exported. Alongside are the key facts pertaining to the analysed product code.36

► India's exports represent 18.4% of world exports for this product, its ranking in world exports is 2nd under HS code 570241.37
► Other prominent products exported from Agra District are Leather footwear, Stone handicrafts products, Engineering goods, etc. Product 570241:Carpets and other floor coverings, of wool or fine animal hair, woven, not tufted, or flocked, of pile construction, made up (excluding Kelem, Schumacks, Karamanie and similar hand-woven rugs) As per trade indicators, India's exports represent 18.4% for this product code ranking in 2nd in world exports, behind China. The value exported in 2020 is USD 31,534Thousand. 38 However, the value of India’s exports over the last 5 years have increased by CAGR 21%. And, as per data FY 2018-19 to 2020-21 for exports from the state of UP, it is observed that there has been aincreased in the CAGR by 11.88%.
Importers of the product: The following figure highlights the top importers of the world along with their value of exports (2020) and annual growth in value: In the financial year 2020-21, UP exported 16,70,500 USD Thousand to USA, Germany, Japan, China P RP, Sweden, Italy, Beglgium, UAE, Poland, Brazil, Latvia, Denmark, Australia, UK, Malaysia.

Meat Processing

Agra is famous for processed meat. Export of processed meat from Agra holds a prominent place in the Indian economy. There are around 1000 meat shops and small slaughterhouse in the city areas of Agra. There are only twolicensed slaughterhouses in Agra employing around 1600 workers direct and indirectly involve. One is civic body’s own facility at kuberpur while the other slaughterhousesbelong to a private firm.The civic body’s slaughterhouse has a capacity of 250 animals every day, approximately 50% export of the manufactured products to different countries while the One has a capacity of 500 animals per day and exports 100% manufactured products to different countries.40Buffalo Meat is the main source of meat production and export. The export turnover from September 2020 to November 2021 was INR 24.79 Cr. 41Total employment in the cluster is around 1600.

Boneless Meat of Bovine Animals

► Frozen Boneless Buffalo Meat;

Cluster Stakeholders

Export Scenario

HS codes under which the product is exported from the districtCurrent Scenario The export scenario of World and India have been analysed basis the export statistics of HS codes 020230 under which meatis exported. Alongside are the key facts pertaining to the analysed product code.42 ;

► The total exports of boneless meat from the district as per HS code 020230is around INR 24.79crores from September 2020 to November 2021.43
► India's exports represent 11.2% of world exports for this product, its ranking in world exports is 3 under HS code 020230.
► Other prominent products exported from Agra District are Leather footwear, Stone handicrafts products, Engineering goods, etc. Product 020230: Frozen, boneless meat of bovine animals As per trade indicators, India's exports represent 11.2% for this product code ranking in 3rd in world exports, behind Brazil and Australia. The value exported in 2020 is USD 2,762,444 Thousand. However, the value of India’s exports over the last 5 years have decreased by CAGR 8%. And, as per data FY 2018-19 to 2020-21 for exports from the state of UP, it is observed that there has been a decrease in the CAGR by 6.02%. Importers of the product: The following figure highlights the top importers of the world along with their value of exports (2020) and annual growth in value:
In the financial year 2020-21, UP exported 16,70,500 USD Thousand to Hongkong, Vietnam, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia, Iraq, Saudi Arab, UAE, Philippines, Oman, Algeria, Jordan, Myanmar, Cambodia, Bahrain