Etawah is situated on the banks of Yamuna River in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Etawah District. The city was an important centre for the Revolt of 1857 (Allan Octavian Hume, the founder of Indian National Congress was district collector then). It is also the place of sangam or confluence between Yamuna and Chambal.

This is also the site of the remains of the Great Hedge of India. Etawah has a rich and prosperous history. It is believed that the land existed right from the Bronze Age in the medieval times. The earliest people of the Aryan race who once lived here were known as the Panchalas. Even in the mythological books, Etawah appears prominently in stories of the Mahabharata and Ramayana. During the later years, Etawah was under the rule of the Gupta Dynasty in the fourth century AD. Etawah was an active hub during the revolt of 1857, and multiple freedom fighters fighting against the British Raj lived here during the tenure of the revolt. Even today, the town of Etawah houses some remains from the Great Hedge of India, which was an inland tax line set up by the British rulers. It has been found that the name Etawah is derived from the term used for brick burners as there are thousands of brick centres near the boundaries.

The district lies between 26°47” North Latitude and 72°20” East Longitude. It is located in the southwestern portion of Uttar Pradesh and forms a part of the Kanpur division. It is bounded on the north by the districts of Kannauj and Mainpuri, while the small extent of western border adjoins tehsil Bah of the Agra district. The eastern frontier marches with the district of Auraiya, and along the south lie with district Jalaun and the district Bhind, the division line being, except for a short distance, the Chambal and Yamuna rivers. Etawah district is located at Latitude of 26°21’N- 78°45’E and Longitude of 27°01’N-79°45’E.

Etawah lies entirely in the Gangetic plain, but its physical features vary considerably and are determined by the rivers which cross it. It is divisible into four portions of district natural characteristics. The first of these consists of the country lying north-east of the Sengur river, which runs across it from west to east almost parallel to the Yamuna; it includes the northern portions of tehsils Etawah and Bharthana. The second tract lies south of the Senger and extends as far as the high lands immediately overlooking the Yamuna. It comprises a slightly undulating switch of country covering portions of Etawah and Bharthana and Auraiya District. The tract includes the parts of some tehsils that adjoins the river Yamuna.

As given in the following table, MSME industries across the sectors of food/agro-based industries, readymade garments and embroidery, repair & servicing, other manufacturing, wood, metal, paper, electrical and other transport, chemical, leather and engineering are key economy drivers in the district. The MSME units in the district mainly represent industries like ready-made garments and embroidery, repairing and servicing, metal products and food/agro products. Other industries contribute most terms of employment ~26.20% . Readymade garments and Embroidery contribute ~ 19.41 %, Agro based ~20.46% and Repairing and Servicing contributes ~22.47% to employment. Repairing and servicing with 1123 units in the district is the most prominent and economy contributing sector in the district followed by Ready-made garments and Embroidery sector of MSME with 1046 units. Details of existing micro & small enterprises and artisan unit. Out of total population of 199,812,341 (2011 census), 65,814,715 are working population. Out of total working population, 34.8% are working in other industries, 59.3% are cultivators and agricultural labourers and only 5.9% are household industry workers. This indicates that agriculture is the main source of income in the district.

The following table depicts the value of export of major products from Etawah:

The manufacturing industry has a moderate presence in the area though the district of Etawah was once a flourishing manufacturing centre for the cotton-based industry.

The manufacturing industry has a moderate presence in the area though the district of Etawah was once a flourishing manufacturing centre for the cotton-based industry. It is a house of both handloom and powerlooms in western part of Uttar Pradesh. The district is famous for Block printing works. Etawah is majorly involved in production of bedsheets, Gamchas, cushion covers, pillow covers, etc. Approximately 2,500 nos. of handlooms and powerlooms are installed in district which employs approximately 8,500 artisans. Out of which more than 50% artisans are unskilled. There is very good potential for self-employment in the power loom industry of the district. There are approximately 222 handloom societies are working in the districts. Apart from the societies, artisans are also working from their home. The value of investment was approx. 147.12 Crores during 2016-17. The major pockets where artisans are involved in the weaving works are Sahgran, Mehtartola, Chipeti, Karanpura, Pathwaria, Ghatia Ajmal Ali, Katra Fateh Mahmud Khan, Maksud Pus,Pus, Sahagdaliautata, Chamreti and artisans produce the textile products from their home. They normally do weave works after getting the order from customer/client. There is very good potential for self-employment in the powerloom industry of the district. Majority of the workers are engaged for 250 to 280 days in a year, working for 10-12 hrs. a day with 8-hour shifts.

Type of Textile Product manufactured in Etawah District are: a. Bedsheet b. Pillow Cover c. Cushion Cover d. Gamcha e. Angocha f. Readymade garment

The cluster comprises of support institutions that can be broadly classified into three categories – trade and industry association, educational and training institutions, and other institutions. The trade and industry associations assist industries in the cluster in getting clearances and approvals, solving issues regarding industrial infrastructure, providing information on latest government schemes etc. Educational and training institute provide training to labours and assist in addressing availability of skilled labour. Other institutions comprise banks and logistics service providers. Following are main Industry Associations that are working for the development of Engineering Goods sector:
► Indian Industries Association (IIA)
► Engineering Export Promotion Council (EEPC)
► All India Manufacturers’ Organization (AIMO)
► Industrial Area Manufacturers’ Association (AIMA)
► The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM)
► Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
► Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) ;

The following table lists the HS codes under which the products are exported from the district:;

The chapter focusses on the export scenario of India and Uttar Pradesh and then deep dives into the export statistics of the products code 630419 stating the target countries for market expansion for both the products. The following are the key facts pertaining to the product. Product :(630419) Bedspreads of all types of textile materials (excluding knitted or crocheted, bedlinen, quilts, and eiderdowns) India's ranking is 2nd in exports of this product , followed by China & Turkey. India's exports represent 67% of world exports for this product ;

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Product Diversification is one of the most crucial product uplifting strategies which in turn is an important part of a product’s export. This plays a vital role in any products exports as it is a product uplifting strategy. Most artisans are not bothered about changing their product range and they fail to understand that it is an integral part of comprehensive marketing. Diversification can be brought in the cluster by: 1. Development of a new products: The artisans of the district should be encouraged to diversify the product categories and must be provided with enough resources to create innovative products without losing the ancestral essence of the craft. 2. Modifications of Existing Products The artisans going forward should focus on the product as per upcoming fashion trends as people nowadays are very much aware and keen to follow the fashion trends.

Total paddy acreages in Uttar Pradesh are estimated at 1,614.1 thousand hectares in 2019 which are 21% higher than the last year acreages of 1,336.1 thousand hectares . Basmati acreages in 2019 are estimated at 463.6 thousand hectares which is 84% higher than the last year acreage of 252.1 thousand hectares. Out of total Basmati acreages PB 1509 has the largest share of 44%, followed by PB 1121 (35%) and PB-1 (10%). Of the total non-basmati acreages, non-notified varieties (Sharbati and Sugandha) have been transplanted in 376 thousand hectares in Uttar Pradesh. Location of Etawah on the fertile plain between Yamuna and Ganga make this city one of the major seats of business for industries based chiefly on agriculture and farming. The tributaries of Ganga also contribute immensely to the irrigational procedure of the entire cultivable area in Etawah and its surroundings . Rice is mainly distributed to West Bengal and Bihar from Etawah District. Area, Production and Productivity of major crops cultivated in the Etawah district is as follows :
Some of the rice mill industries in the district are Yadvendra Rice Industries Pvt. Ltd., SS Rice Mill Pvt. Ltd., Ankur Rice Industries Pvt. Ltd., Bharthana Rice Mill Pvt. Ltd., Karaoli Devi Rice Mill Pvt. Ltd., Wadhumal Hukumat Rai Rice Mill, Harish Kumar Murti Lal Rice Mill etc

Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or less commonly Oryza glaberrima (African rice). As a cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's human population, especially in Asia and Africa. It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize . Any rice other than Basmati Rice is named as non-Basmati rice. In the world it has been reported that there are over 10,000 varieties of rice and out of which the maximum number are in India.

Multiple varieties of rice exist including short-grain, medium-grain, and long-grain varieties. ;

Following are principal Industry Associations that are working for the development of Rice:
► Agriculture and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)
► Indian Industries Association (IIA)
► Rice Export Promotion Forum (REPF)
► International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) - world’s premier research organization dedicated to reducing poverty and hunger through rice science; improving the health and welfare of rice farmers and consumers; and protecting the rice-growing environment for future generations
► National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack (NRRI) - The National Rice Research Institute is located in Cuttack in Odisha state. The basic objective of institute is to conduct basic, applied, and adaptive research on crop improvement and resource management for increasing and stabilizing rice productivity in different rice ecosystems with special emphasis on rainfed ecosystems and the related abiotic stresses
► U.P. Council of Agricultural Research (UPCAR) - The UPCAR is an autonomous apex state organisation registered as a society, which plans, co-ordinates and promotes research, education, training, and transfer of technology for advancement of agriculture and allied sciences. The UPCAR was established on June 14, 1989, with its headquarters at Lucknow.
► Agriculture Department
► Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) ;

HS codes under which the product is exported from the district;

The export scenario of World and India have been analysed basis the export statistics of HS code 100630 Rice Excepting Preboiled (Excluding Basmati Rice) is exported from Etawah district. ;

► India's exports represent 36.3% of world exports for this product, its ranking in world exports is 1.
► India exported this product to Iran, Indonesia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Yemen, China, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, USA, Nepal etc.

Product Diversification is one of the most crucial product uplifting strategies which in turn is an important part of a product’s export. Currently, only the grains of rice are being sold directly in the market. Knowing the health benefits of the product an initiative can be made for product diversification to manufacture value added products such as chiwda, poha, brown rice, rice noodles, idli & dosa batter. The broken rice can be used to create flour. Rice flour is gluten-free; therefore, it is an alternative for producing gluten-free products. Rice flour is also hypoallergenic. Thus, it can be utilized for producing baby food, puddings, and other food products. Due to the decreased risk for people with sensitivities, food companies prefer rice flour to other varieties of flour. Thus, it is economically justifiable to grind broken rice to produce flour for such applications. With adequate upgradation of technology in the cluster the farmers/ millers can sell by-products and generate additional income by manufacturing by-products from Rice Husks, Brans and Straws; the following are their uses: