Farrukhabad was founded by Nawab Mohammad Khan Bangash, who named it after the reigning emperor Farrukhsiyar, in 1714, the district of Farrukhabad forms part of Kanpur division.

The township of Farrukhabad, Fatehgarh consist of two district towns, Farrukhabad & Fatehgarh, the former being the headquarters of the Tehsil & the latter forming the headquarters of the district, both lying about 5 Kms apart. Fatehgarh derives its name from an old fort. Fatehgarh remained a Military Station of considerable importance and in 1802 it became the headquarters of the Governor Generals Agent for the ceded provinces. In 1818 a gun carriage factory was established here. The district as it exists now is bounded by Badaun and Shahjahanpur on the north, Hardoi on the east, Kannauj on the south and district Etah & Mainpuri on the west. Rivers Ganga & Ramganga are located towards the east & Kali river towards the south.

Farrukhabad is situated between Lat. 26° 46' N & 27° 43' N and Long. 79° 7' E & 80° 2' E. It forms a part of Kanpur division. It is bounded by Badaun & Shahjahanpur on the north, Hardoi on the east, Kannauj on the south and Etah & Mainpuri on the west. Total area of District Farrukhabad is 2,18,100 HectaresTopography & Agriculture The city is located on the banks of River Ganges and typically has alluvial and sandy soil. The region typically falls in the Indo-Gangetic plains and major part of the Kanpur district has ordinary soil which is known as Bhur in local language. Major crops cultivated in the district are wheat, rice, maize and bajra.

The district is a level plane, varied only by a few gentle undulations and slopes, sometimes abrupt, which lead down to the river valleys. The highest recorded elevation is 167m. above sea level at Mohammadabad and the lowest 145.69 m. at Mau Rasulpur in the Trans Ganga flats of Tehsil Farrukhabad. The only marked variation of level is between the two divisions, the upland or bangar, which is a continuation of the doab and the lowlands or Tarais, cut away from the upland by the erosive action of the riversIndustrial profile of the district.
District is having 518 Hectare forest area. Forest is a main source of providing timber & domestic furniture. Sagaun, Sakh, Shisham & other various types of Trees are available in the forest.

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj of Government of India named Farrukhabad one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). Farrukhabad is famous for its cloth printing/Textile Printing, block Printing, block making & Zari Zardozi Udyog. Zari Zardozi Udyog is a traditional Udyog of District Farrukhabad and widely spread including rural area also. Farrukhabad is also known as city of zardozi. In Textile printing approx. 30000 people are involved directly and indirectly. Kaimganj is known for the chewing Tobacco industry. The district Farrukhabad produced about 8 million tonnes of Potato and hence have about 61 Cold Storages, the district is also known for its Sunflower cultivation. Betel nut (Supari) is also processed to make sweet supari and is a famous product of Farrukhabad.

Textile products sector of MSME with 5457 units in the district is the most prominent and economy contributing sector of the district. It is followed by sectors such as “Miscellaneous manufacturing”, “Agro Based” and Wooden Based etc. Out of total population of 1,885,204 (2011 census), 592,267 are working population. Out of total working population, 28.4% are working in other industries, 64.3% are cultivators and agricultural labourers and only 7.3% are household industry workers. This indicates that agriculture is the main source of income in the district.

The following table depicts the value of export of major products from Farrukhabad:

Textile printing is one of the important and popular offshoots of the handiwork in Uttar Pradesh. Textile printing is popularly practiced in Lucknow, Varanasi, Pilkhuwa and Farrukhabad in Uttar Pradesh. Farrukhabad hand printing is famous all over the world. It would not be an exaggeration to state that Farrukhabad has become synonymous to the art of hand painting as well as textile printing.

Textile printing is one of the important and popular offshoots of the handiwork in Uttar Pradesh. Textile printing is popularly practiced in Lucknow, Varanasi, Pilkhuwa and Farrukhabad in Uttar Pradesh. Farrukhabad hand printing is famous all over the world. It would not be an exaggeration to state that Farrukhabad has become synonymous to the art of hand painting as well as textile printing. Farrukhabad has two distinctive types of printing namely block printing and screen printing that is created with both natural dyes (derived from plants, animals, and minerals) and synesthetic dyes. The most popular colors used are yellow, blue, and red with combinations of brown, green and orange.
Textile printing cluster of Farrukhabad outspread over the areas of city such as Angooribagh, Sadhwada, Manihari, Sahabganj, Bajariya etc. and its rural circumference. Around 30,000 people are engaged in the textile printing industry out of which approx. 24000 people (Block Maker- 300 Nos., Block Printing- 2000 Nos., Screen Printing- 8000 Nos., Washing-500 Nos., Dyeing- 2000 Nos., Pico work/ stitchers- 1100 Nos., Cutter- 500 Nos., Press- 300 Nos., Checking and Packing; 1200; Job workers ( Fringes/ tassel maker- 8000 Nos.;) are artisans involved in core production activities and approx.6000 people are involved in allied works such as distribution of raw material, traders, middlemen, shopkeepers etc. Approximately 180 units are registered in the district through Udhyog Aadhar and Udhyog Aadhar Memorandum as per the information shared by DIEPC Farrukhabad and associations of Farrukhabad related to textile printing. Out of 180 units approximately 130 units are involved into screen printing, 15 units are involved into Block printing, 10-15 units are involved in dying process, 8-10 units are involved in Block making. Textile printing has played very important role in the industrial as well as economic development in Farrukhabad. This industry has identified as a major generator of employment especially in urban sector. In rural sector also people are involved in this business as they get the work from the units as job work such as stitching and tassel/fringes making. Farrukhabad cluster mainly receives the order from traders of Delhi and Noida who supplies the products across country and to the foreign countries. Most of the works are done through manual process and it is labour oriented cluster. In every second house of the areas such as Sadhwada and Angooribagh of Farrukhabad printing cluster people are involved in manufacturing process. Out of 07 blocks of Farrukhabad most of the units are in Barhpur Block. According to primary survey conducted in the cluster the average, wages of artisans is estimated INR 5000-7500 per month. It varies according to the working capability of the artisan. Mostly, the work is done on per piece rate basis. Most of the artisans are semi-skilled and illiterate. The artisans get training mostly while working. The estimated turnover of the cluster is approximately INR 220 Crores.

The main products of Farrukhabad textile printing cluster are Bed Cover/Bedsheets, Scarf, Stole, Dupatta, Cotton fabric for shirting, Saree, Suit, Gents Muffler, Shawl, Cotton Cushion Cover, Breadbasket, Curtain etc. The volume of production of Scarf, Stole, Dupatta and Shawl is high in screen printing and in Block printing production of Bed covers/Bedsheets, Curtains, Cushion Covers, Sarees and Suit, are high. It is because of limitation of table size, screen size and process of screen printing.
In Farrukhabad approximately 1.30 Lakh meter of fabric is being dyed every day; out of which, 91000 meters of fabric (approx. 70%) is Rayon & Cotton, 26000 meters fabric is silk (Approx. 20%) and rest 10% i.e. approx. 13000 meters of other fabrics such as wool and linen. From these printed fabrics products like stole, shawl, scarf, saree, suit, bedsheet, table cover, curtain and napkin are made by the process of hand/ screen printing.

The following table lists the HS codes under which the products are exported from the district:

Current Scenario The chapter focusses on the export scenario of India and Uttar Pradesh and then deep dives into the export statistics of 2 products codes 621410 and 630419 stating the target countries for market expansion for both the products. These HS codes are utilised for Leather Footwear, Saddlery and Non-Saddlery goods. Product 01: 621410 (Shawls, Scarves, Stoles of Silk) India's exports represent 8.8% of world exports for this product, ranking it number 3, behind France and Italy. The value of India’s exports in FY 2019-20 for the product is 44571 USD thousand and from Uttar Pradesh is 12530 USD thousand. India is primarily in competition with Italy and France who clearly dominates the world market accounting for 25.46% and 34.27% of world exports respectively for this product i.e., more than 3-4 times India’s level of exports. The top importers for this product in the world are given below, alongside the value of the product imported in 2018-19. ;
Countries to whom UP exports this product in HSN code -621410 are USA, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Nepal, Finland, Switzerland, Denmark, France, UAE, Spain, Australia, Poland, Italy, Romania India's exports represent 70.6% of world exports for this product, ranking it number 1, followed by China. The value of India’s exports has gradually increased since 2016-2020, In FY 2019-20 value of Indian Export is 954123 USD thousand. Being in the same region, India is primarily in competition with China which at 2nd position in the export of products comes under HSN code 630419 represents 15.36% of total export.

This plays a vital role in any products exports as it is a product uplifting strategy. Most artisans aren’t bothered about changing their product range and they fail to understand that it is an integral part of comprehensive marketing. Diversification can be brought in the cluster by:
Development of a new products: The artisans of the district should be encouraged to diversify the product categories like Bags, Decorative items etc. and must be provided with enough resources to create innovative products without losing the ancestral essence of the craft.The artisans going forward should focus on creating t-shirts, sweatshirts, shirts, slacks, socks, handkerchiefs, bandanas, gift bags, textile promotional articles, etc. Modifications of Existing Products It has also been found that most of the artisans use no strategy for making modifications to the existing products in the light of design and fusion. The artisans can make fusion products by blending print works with Zardozi. They can also expand in terms of the materials they use for making the products by introducing jute into their product range.

The city is well known for its chewing tobacco and sugar mill. The tobacco cultivated in Kaimganj is cured by the sun and contains good amounts of nicotine. The tobacco is crushed into various sizes. A large range of different qualities are available. Tobacco is supplied to all the leading chewing tobacco manufacturers.

The city is well known for its chewing tobacco and sugar mill. The tobacco cultivated in Kaimganj is cured by the sun and contains good amounts of nicotine. The tobacco is crushed into various sizes. A large range of different qualities are available. Tobacco is supplied to all the leading chewing tobacco manufacturers. The total turnover of the city is ~ INR 7 Crores day , which includes internal and external trade. Kaimganj is the largest raw tobacco producer in Northern India and is also the hometown of KAKA Industries. Exports from Farrukhabad for Tobacco is ~INR 16.95 Crores. The major concern in the town today is the ambivalent tobacco industry. No Doubt tobacco industry has contributed a lot in the development of the town – by generating numerous employment opportunities for the poor and rich equally, and thus adding to the prosperity of the town. However, a large increase in the tobacco cultivation and processing in the various warehouses located in city's residential premises is adding to the health hazards of the residents. The symptoms of asthma, tuberculosis and other respiratory malfunctions are evident in the people who work in tobacco processing industry and also among the common citizens. Now the warehouses are moved away from the city to make life better for common people.
Some of the industries in the district are K M Iliyas Tobacco Company, Manas Enterprises, Agrawal Tobacco Traders, R S Tobacco, Golden Tobacco Company, J.M. Agrawal Tobacco Company, OM Tobacco Company, etc.

Indian tobacco, introduced by Portuguese in the 17th century, is appreciated worldwide for its rich, full-bodied flavour and smoothness. It is now an increasingly well-known and respected commodity in global tobacco markets and has found its way into cigarettes manufactured in several countries. India has an impressive and progressive profile in the global tobacco industry. Tobacco is an important commercial crop grown in India. It occupies the 3rd position in the world with an annual production of about 800 M. kg. Of the different types grown, FCV tobacco (Flue-Cured Tobacco), Country Tobacco, Burley Tobacco, Bidi Tobacco, Rustica Tobacco and Chewing Tobacco are considered important.
Exports of Tobacco and Tobacco Products contributed Rs.5969.59 crore in terms of Foreign Exchange during 2019-20.

Different varieties of cigarette & non-cigarette tobaccos are grown in India, these are as follows : ;
Cigarettes account for the largest share of manufactured tobacco products in the world—96 percent of total sales. Except for chewing tobacco in India and smoking of kreteks in Indonesia, cigarettes are the most common method of consuming tobacco throughout the world. The invention of the cigarette-rolling machine in 1881 accelerated the tobacco pandemic by mass-producing pocketsized packets of cigarettes. Unlike tediously hand-rolled cigarettes and bulky water pipes, manufactured cigarettes offered a convenient and portable method to maintain addiction, even while driving a motor vehicle, working in a factory, or taking a stroll. In the current era of economic globalization, some forms of tobacco, historically localized to specific regions of the world (such as the hookah and bidi), have spread to every continent. For instance, Indonesian kreteks—clove-flavoured, loosely packed tobacco cigarettes—are currently being marketed to youth in many industrialized countries. These regional forms of tobacco sometimes gain footholds in new countries based on their exotic cachet, but they rarely, if ever, displace manufactured cigarettes for a significant market share. Instead, they frequently serve as a gateway to addiction, luring youth, and other fad smokers into lifelong dependence on cigarettes. Farrukhabad is Known for its chewing tobacco.

The cluster comprises of support institutions that can be broadly classified into three categories – trade and industry association, educational and training institutions, and other institutions. The trade and industry associations assist industries in the cluster in getting clearances and approvals, solving issues regarding industrial infrastructure, providing information on latest government schemes etc. Educational and training institute provide training to labours and assist in addressing availability of skilled labour. Other institutions comprise banks and logistics service providers.;
Following are main Industry Associations that are working for the development of Tobacco Sector:
► Tobacco board
► Tobacco Research Centre
► Tobacco Institute of India
► Indian Industries Association (IIA)
► Industrial Area Manufacturers’ Association (AIMA)
► The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM)
► Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
► Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI)

HS codes under which the product is exported from the district

HS codes under which the product is exported from the district;

► Total export of tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes stood at 904.87 USD million in FY20. Indian tobacco is exported to around 100 countries.
► Total export of unmanufactured tobacco stood at 570.30 USD million in FY19 and reached 530.0 USD million in FY20.
► The total export of flue-cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco in January 2021, was 19.5 USD million, while for a period from April to January 2021, it was 303.7 USD million.
► The tobacco export in the month of February 2021, was 69.15 USD million and the total export during April 2020 to February 2021 was 789.57 USD million.
► India exports unmanufactured tobacco primarily to Belgium, Korea, Nigeria, Egypt and Nepal. Western Europe is a key market for Indian tobacco export.
► In August 2020, the parliamentary panel proposed permitting regulated foreign direct investment in India’s tobacco production and cigarette manufacturing to stimulate agricultural exports.
► The panel proposed establishment of tobacco farms dedicated to exports only to improve outward shipments and to provide benefits to farmers. It also suggested to provide export incentives for tobacco and tobacco products.
Current Scenario The export scenario of World and India have been analysed basis the export statistics of HS codes 240110 under which Tobacco are exported. Alongside are the key facts pertaining to the analysed product code.

The following are the key initiative taken by Tobacco board for development of the product category which could be followed by the Farrukhabad Tobacco Cluster :

► Promotion of natural farming practices in tobacco cultivation: Natural farming promoted a brand image of pesticide residue free FCV tobacco in international scenario and mode of natural farming is environment friendly, consumes less inputs, protects natural resources from chemical, contamination, Tobacco Board has under taken trails in fields of 93 growers, to demonstrate the benefits of Natural farming to tobacco growers in FCV tobacco cultivation across all the soil regions in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka during 2019-20 crop season. In an area of 325 acres in Andhra Pradesh and 35.25 acres in Karnataka FCV tobacco cultivation was taken up by following practices of natural farming under supervision of crop experts. The growers who have taken up natural farming practices were extended cash incentive of Rs.5000/grower and Rs.10,000/ towards cost of inputs.
► 365 days green cover in tobacco plantation Tobacco Board has initiated “365 days green cover” in tobacco farming, under natural farming mode in low productive, drought, prone tobacco growing villages, for improving the soil micro biome and soil organic carbon content.

Approximately 1.10 Lakh people are engaged in Zardozi craft in Farrukhabad directly and indirectly. Approx. 75000 people are artisans involved in embroidery and other production process and approx.35000 people are involved in allied works such as distribution of raw material, traders, middlemen (Kamishandar), shopkeepers etc. According to primary survey conducted in the cluster the average, wages of artisans is estimated INR 5000-7500 per month. It varies according to the working capability of the artisan. Mostly, the work is done on per piece rate basis. Most of the artisans are semi-skilled and illiterate. The artisans get training mostly while working. The estimated turnover of the cluster is INR 400 crores, with about 550 Manufactures working in the cluster along with 60-70 retails of raw materials related to zardozi work. There are retails shops available in Farrukhabad for the Zardozi goods, but the quality of goods is not up to the mark. It is due to the buying capacity of residents of Farrukhabad. This, in turn, means that the cluster contains the capacity to expand its business operations. No, Direct Export from the district

Approximately 1.10 Lakh people are engaged in Zardozi craft in Farrukhabad directly and indirectly. Approx. 75000 people are artisans involved in embroidery and other production process and approx.35000 people are involved in allied works such as distribution of raw material, traders, middlemen (Kamishandar), shopkeepers etc. According to primary survey conducted in the cluster the average, wages of artisans is estimated INR 5000-7500 per month. It varies according to the working capability of the artisan. Mostly, the work is done on per piece rate basis. Most of the artisans are semi-skilled and illiterate. The artisans get training mostly while working. The estimated turnover of the cluster is INR 400 crores, with about 550 Manufactures working in the cluster along with 60-70 retails of raw materials related to zardozi work. There are retails shops available in Farrukhabad for the Zardozi goods, but the quality of goods is not up to the mark. It is due to the buying capacity of residents of Farrukhabad. This, in turn, means that the cluster contains the capacity to expand its business operations. No, Direct Export from the district
Zari Zardozi industry exists throughout the Farrukhabad and nearby regions of Farrukhabad. Every 2nd or 3rd house of major pockets are involved in embroidery work as setup of embroidery do not demand a huge amount. People are setting adda at their house and getting raw materials from bigger units/ middleman (Kamisandar)/ Master craftsmen/ trader etc. They work on daily wages basis and getting their payment in advance / weekly basis on their mutual understanding. Out of 07 blocks of Farrukhabad most of the units are located in Barhpur Block.

Zari or Zari Work Embroidery it is known is an intricate art of knitting and weaving threads designed from elegant gold and silver. Using these strings are further designed on fabrics, originally made of silk to create sophisticated patterns. The designs are so exquisite that, the fabric also gets an overall rich & a lovely look. Zardozi is derived from a Persian word, Zar meaning gold and Dozi meaning work. It is glittering, heavily encrusted embroidery, carried out by couching wire purls, beads, sequins and spangles onto heavy fabrics, with the help of a needle. The splendor of Zardozi is revealed in the manner in which it reflects light. The more the levels and directions of couching on the Zardozi, more appealing is the piece. Key Products of the Cluster are Lehenga, Sari, Gown, Suit, Dupatta, Dress Trail etc.

Following are main Industry Associations that are working for the development of Zari- Zardozi sector:
► Indian Industries Association (IIA)
► Provincial Industries Association (PIA) ;

HS codes under which the product is exported from the district:

HS codes under which the product is exported from the district:;
Current Scenario The export scenario of India and Uttar Pradesh have been analysed basis the export statistics of HS code mentioned above under which Zari-Zardozi products are exported. Alongside are the key facts pertaining to the analysed product codes.

► The cluster has tremendous export potential, but owing to lack of proper market assessment mechanism, changing design patterns, specific demand preferences the export is very less.
► Hence, it was pointed out that the proper study of the foreign market, region specific demand patterns to be ascertained. Along with that, a common platform to be created where there can be an integration between the exporters and importers, thereby making the export ecosystem robust and effective.
Product: 581092 (Embroidery of man-made fibres on a textile fabric base, in the piece, in strips or in motifs.) India's exports represent 4.6% of world exports for this product, ranking it number 4, behind China, Turkey and Hong-Kong. The value of India’s exports has gradually decreased since 2015-2019, There has been a decrease by CAGR 15% in the past 5 years, and as per data FY 2015-19 for exports from India. Being in the same region, India is primarily in competition with China who clearly dominates the world market accounting for 62.1% of world exports for this product i.e. more than 15 times India’s level of exports and 10 times level of exports from Turkey which stands at number 2 in the world.

Product Diversification is one of the most crucial product uplifting strategies which in turn is an important part of a product’s export. This plays a vital role in any products exports as it is a product uplifting strategy. Most artisans are not bothered about changing their product range and they fail to understand that it is an integral part of comprehensive marketing. Diversification can be brought in the cluster by:
1. Development of a new products: During the product diversification new product line like Purses, Langar/Ghagra, Churidar, Punjabi, Curtains, Other dress materials like Scarf etc needs to be promoted. Additionally creation of a new product range like zari-work that can be laminated and attached to wooden doors, frames, wall paintings etc. They can also create gift bags, curtains with intricate zari work. 2. Modifications of Existing Products It has also been found that most of the artisans use no strategy for making modifications to the existing products in the light of design and fusion. The artisans can make fusion products by blending zari work with madhubani or block prints. They can also expand in terms of the materials they use for making the products by introducing cotton and jute into their product range.

Various schemes being run by Export Promotion Bureau to apprise the exporters are as follows: