Turkey is a USD 753 Billion economy and is home to around 83 million people. The average household consumption expenditure amounts to approximately 57% of the GDP and the final consumption takes up to 71% of the GDP. The country’s population grew from 78.5 million in 2015, to 83.4% in 2020, indicating that the population is ever growing and has high potential as an export market.
Turkey is a USD 200 Bn import market, which is largely serviced by exporters from China, US and European countries. India is the second largest exporter among the Asian countries to Turkey. Turkey’s imports have grown from USD 198 Billion in 2016 to USD 233 Billion in 2017. But that reduced to USD 210 Billion in 2019, and but it grew back to USD 271 Billion in 2021, post the COVID situation, ensuring growth in the market.
China and the Russian Federation are the highest contributors to the Turkey import market both holding 10% each. The top 10 countries contributing to 56% of the country’s imports are China, Russia, Germany, US, Italy, France, India, South Korea and UK. India on an average accounts for 3% of the total imports markets of Turkey. A detailed list of key countries exporting to TURKEY is attached in annexure 01.
Turkey has also implemented its Generalized Preference System (GSP) which is accepted by Australia, Belarus, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Russia, Switzerland, and Various other EU countries including, Austria, Belgium Cyprus, Denmark, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, spain, Sweden, UK etc.
The leading sectors that contribute to 70% of Turkey’s imports are Gems and Jewelry, Machinery & equipment, Electricals & electronics, Vehicles & auto-components, mineral fuels, pharmaceuticals, Plastics & its articles, Iron and Steel and Optical, photographic & Cinematographic devices.
| Table 2: Top sectors contributing to 67% of India’s exports to UK | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HS Code | Product Description | Imported value in 2019 | Imported value in 2019 | Imported value in 2020 | 3 year average | % share |
| 'TOTAL | All Services | 54,936 | 54,077 | 49,735 | 52,927 | 100% |
| SOX1 | Memo item: Other commercial services | 12,436 | 12,297 | 14,376 | 13,036 | 25% |
| 3a.2 | Freight transport, All modes (alternative breakdown) | 5,589 | 6,062 | 5,922 | 5,858 | 11% |
| 3.1.2 | Freight transport, Sea | 4,487 | 5,122 | 4,721 | 4,777 | 9% |
| 10.3 | Technical, trade-related, and other business services | 3,119 | 3,239 | 2,919 | 3,092 | 6% |
| 3a.31 | Other transport, All modes (other than passenger and freight, postal and courier) (alternative breakdown) | 2,390 | 2,302 | 2,077 | 2,256 | 4% |
| 8 | Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e. | 2,114 | 2,098 | 2,086 | 2,099 | 4% |
| 6.2 | Reinsurance | 1,511 | 1,395 | 3,284 | 2,063 | 4% |
| 10.2 | Professional and management consulting services | 1,893 | 2,033 | 1,997 | 1,974 | 4% |
| 3.2.3 | Other transport, Air (other than passenger and freight) | 1,670 | 1,699 | 1,967 | 1,779 | 3% |
| 4.2.3 | Travel, Personal, Other (other than health and education) | 2,480 | 2,220 | 563 | 1,754 | 3% |
| 4.1.2 | Travel, Business, Other (other than acquisition of goods and services by border and short-term workers) | 1,769 | 1,582 | 401 | 1,251 | 2% |
| 4a.4 | Travel, Food-serving (alternative breakdown) | 1,643 | 1,468 | 370 | 1,160 | 2% |
| 3a.1 | Passenger transport, All modes (alternative breakdown) | 1,473 | 1,244 | 599 | 1,105 | 2% |
| 3.2.1 | Passenger transport, Air | 1,473 | 1,244 | 599 | 1,105 | 2% |
| 12 | Government goods and services n.i.e. | 1,082 | 1,202 | 956 | 1,080 | 2% |
| 9.2 | Computer services | 878 | 1,047 | 811 | 912 | 2% |
| 3.3.2 | Other modes of transport, Freight | 800 | 691 | 921 | 804 | 2% |
| 7.1 | Explicitly charged and other financial services | 687 | 507 | 1,214 | 803 | 2% |
| 4a.3 | Travel, Accommodation (alternative breakdown) | 1,025 | 915 | 233 | 724 | 1% |
| 2 | Maintenance and repair services n.i.e. | 746 | 747 | 662 | 718 | 1% |
| 9.1 | Telecommunications services | 782 | 697 | 532 | 670 | 1% |
| 4a.1 | Travel, Goods (alternative breakdown) | 903 | 806 | 205 | 638 | 1% |
| 4a.5 | Travel, Other services (alternative breakdown) | 836 | 752 | 190 | 593 | 1% |
| 6.1 | Direct insurance | 443 | 444 | 760 | 549 | 1% |
| 9.3 | Information services | 471 | 429 | 404 | 435 | 1% |
| Others | 1,344 | 1,138 | 666 | 1,060 | 2% | |
India exports an average of USD 3.67 Billion worth of products per year to Turkey. India’s share in Turkey’s imports have increased 2.9% from 2016 to 3.2% in 2019. Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Uttar Pradesh, are the top 6 states contributing approximately 60% of India’s exports to Turkey. India exported around USD 1.6 Billion worth of commodities last year.
India’s export market is largely characterized by top 10 sectors including, gems, and precious stones, Mineral fuels & oils, organic chemicals, gems and jewelry, pharmaceuticals, Tanning/ dyeing products, Man-made staple fibres, machinery, articles of iron and steels, textiles articles, electricals & electronics, Man-made filaments, strips of man-made textiles, road vehicles, etc. as shown in table below. The sector highlighted in yellow shows that those sectors are holding higher shares in world and brings in more revenue from Turkey when compared to the rest of the world.
| Table 1: Top sectors contributing to 67% of India’s exports to Turkey | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sector | India’s exports to Turkey, (USD Mn) | % share of sector in India’s exports globally | % share of India’s exports to Turkey imports | |
| HS 27, Mineral Fuels & its products | 753 | 30.7% | 38.2% | |
| HS 29, Organic chemicals | 30 | 6.9% | 7.4% | |
| HS 84, Machinery & Equipment | 287 | 7.2% | 1.9% | |
| HS 71, Gems & Jewellery | 34 | 9.7% | 3.5% | |
| HS 85, Electricals & electronics | 36 | 5.5% | 2.1% | |
| HS 87, Vehicles & auto-components | 30 | 4.9% | 2.4% | |
| HS 54, Man-made filaments, strips of man-made textiles | 5 | 4.6% | 14% | |
| HS 32, Tanning/ dyeing products | 6 | 3.4% | 11% | |
| HS 39, Plastics & articles thereof | 40 | 4% | 2.1% | |
| HS 55, Man-made staple fibres | 10 | 2.8% | 10.1% | |
| Total exports (3 year average) | USD 3.6 Mn | |||
The exports from Uttar Pradesh to Turkey grew at a CAGR of 11.6% in the last 5 years. Uttar Pradesh exported a total of USD 126 Million value of commodities to Turkey in 2021. In 2020 the exports were valued at just USD 102 million but in the post COVID impact it rebound with around 78% indicating that there is high growth potential in the Turkey market.
The top 10 sectors that contributes to approximately 85% of UP’s exports to Turkey during the last 3 years. Export growth rate of these 2 particular sectors in Turkey is higher than the growth rate of UP’s exports to the rest of the world, thus acting as the drivers of Uttar Pradesh’s export growth in Turkey. The table below summarizes the top 10 sectors exported from UP to Turkey:
| Table 2: Top commodities exported from UP to Turkey | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HS code | Product description | Value of Exports (in USD Mn) | % share in UP’s exports to Turkey | Growth rate of exports from UP to Turkey | Growth rate of exports from UP to all markets | ||||||
| 85 | Electricals & electronics | 74.6 | 50.8% | 68.3% | 145% | ||||||
| 87 | Vehicles and Auto-components | 21 | 14.3% | -0.8% | -23% | ||||||
| 72 | Iron & Steel | 7.9 | 5.4% | 21.2% | 63% | ||||||
| 41 | Raw hides and skins | 6.2 | 4.2% | -19.1% | -20% | ||||||
| 84 | Machinery & equipment | 4.9 | 3.4% | 0.6% | -32% | ||||||
| 90 | Optical, measuring, medical and similar equipment | 3.5 | 2.4% | 9.1% | 11% | ||||||
| 29 | Organic chemicals | 3.2 | 2.2% | 9.3% | -9% | ||||||
| 62 | Apparels, not knitted or crocheted | 2.8 | 1.9% | -7.4% | 8% | ||||||
| 57 | Carpets | 2.7 | 1.9% | -0.9% | -39% | ||||||
| 39 | Plastics & articles thereof | 1.9 | 1.3% | -0.6% | -3% | ||||||
The GoUP has shortlisted priority sectors for driving export growth and classified them based on their RCA scores to identify the relevant export promotion strategies. The traditional sectors for which UP has a competitive advantage are selected for scaling up globally. Similarly, the sunrise sectors are selected for product development and market diversification to boost exports, as shown in Figure 5.
Uttar Pradesh’s export capabilities resonates with consumer demands in Turkey. Priority sectors are identified for the exporters of Uttar Pradesh for either scaling up of exports or market diversification. The sectors are identified based on their import demand in Turkey, India’s exports to Turkey and UP’s exports to Turkey. A resonance is observed between the market demand in Turkey and Uttar Pradesh’s export capabilities. Select priority sectors are shortlisted and classified into two categories, based on the relevant strategy for export promotion. The sectors with significant manufacturing and exports volume to Turkey are selected for scaling up of exports. The sectors with appreciable manufacturing volume, but low level of exports from UP to Turkey are selected for diversification into Turkey. The table below summarizes the top 10 sectors shortlisted for UP’s exporters to venture into. A comprehensive detail for the select 10 sectors at a HS 6 level is described in annexure 3. Further, to support exporters of the state in scaling of exports, the government of Uttar Pradesh through Export Promotion Bureau – Uttar Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh Export Promotion Council has planned to undertake the following initiatives: 1. Identifying and connecting with Sectoral bodies (for priority sectors) based in Turkey 2. Identifying importers and their sourcing needs 3. List of key events where UP's exporters shall participate 4. Facilitate visit of Turkish Importers to UP in key trade events that may be organized by Government of Uttar Pradesh 5. Identification of online platforms where UP's exporters should register for exporting their products to meet sourcing requirements of Turkish importers
| Potential sectors for driving UP’s exports growth in Turkey | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HS Code | Product Description | Value imported by Turkey (USD Mn) | Exports from India to Turkey (USD Mn) | UP’s exports to Turkey (USD Mn) | Potential intervention strategy |
| 84 | Machinery & equipment | 24400 | 456.4 | 4.9 | Diversification |
| 71 | Gems & Jewellery | 17505 | 613.4 | 0.3 | Diversification |
| 85 | Electricals & Electronics | 16386 | 346.8 | 74.6 | Scale up |
| 87 | Vehicles & auto-components | 13065 | 308.5 | 21 | Scale up |
| 42 & 64 | Leather goods and footwear | 842 | 4.1 | 0.4 | Diversification |
| 29 | Organic Chemicals | 5942 | 437 | 3.2 | Diversification |
| 73 | Articles of iron & steel | 2630 | 36.9 | 1.4 | Diversification |
| 61 & 62 | Apparels | 1505 | 40.4 | 3.2 | Diversification |
| 33 | Essential oils & perfumes | 1188 | 8.3 | 0.6 | Diversification |
| 70 | Glass & glassware | 799 | 11.7 | 1.56 | Diversification |
| Exporters | Imported value in 2018 | Imported value in 2019 | Imported value in 2020 | 3 year average | % share |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 223,047 | 210,347 | 219,514 | 217,636 | 100% |
| China | 20,719 | 19,128 | 23,041 | 20,963 | 10% |
| Russian Federation | 21,990 | 23,117 | 17,829 | 20,979 | 10% |
| Germany | 20,407 | 19,279 | 21,733 | 20,473 | 9% |
| Area Nes | 11,038 | 15,149 | 13,686 | 13,291 | 6% |
| United States of America | 12,378 | 11,847 | 11,525 | 11,917 | 5% |
| Italy | 10,156 | 9,351 | 9,201 | 9,569 | 4% |
| France | 7,413 | 6,760 | 6,988 | 7,054 | 3% |
| India | 7,535 | 6,635 | 4,830 | 6,333 | 3% |
| Korea, Republic of | 6,343 | 5,777 | 5,734 | 5,951 | 3% |
| United Kingdom | 7,446 | 5,638 | 5,582 | 6,222 | 3% |
| Spain | 5,492 | 4,447 | 5,039 | 4,993 | 2% |
| Switzerland | 2,819 | 3,377 | 7,772 | 4,656 | 2% |
| Belgium | 3,571 | 3,229 | 3,716 | 3,506 | 2% |
| Iraq | 1,420 | 2,678 | 8,202 | 4,100 | 2% |
| United Arab Emirates | 3,781 | 4,389 | 5,604 | 4,591 | 2% |
| Japan | 4,124 | 3,648 | 3,743 | 3,838 | 2% |
| Netherlands | 3,305 | 3,203 | 3,629 | 3,379 | 2% |
| Ukraine | 2,646 | 2,725 | 2,590 | 2,654 | 1% |
| Brazil | 3,258 | 2,655 | 3,228 | 3,047 | 1% |
| Poland | 3,102 | 2,603 | 3,005 | 2,903 | 1% |
| Others | 64,105 | 54,710 | 52,836 | 57,217 | 26% |
| HS Code | Product Description | Imported value in 2018 | Imported value in 2019 | Imported value in 2020 | 3 year average | % share |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 'TOTAL | All products | 223,047 | 210,347 | 219,514 | 217,636 | 100% |
| '27 | Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes | 43,006 | 41,733 | 28,925 | 37,888 | 17% |
| '84 | Machinery, mechanical appliances, nuclear reactors, boilers; parts thereof | 25,770 | 22,159 | 25,272 | 24,400 | 11% |
| '71 | Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin | 12,557 | 13,367 | 26,591 | 17,505 | 8% |
| '85 | Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles | 16,570 | 15,450 | 17,140 | 16,386 | 8% |
| '72 | Iron and steel | 18,401 | 15,050 | 15,103 | 16,185 | 7% |
| '87 | Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories thereof | 13,895 | 10,008 | 15,292 | 13,065 | 6% |
| '39 | Plastics and articles thereof | 12,937 | 11,800 | 11,738 | 12,159 | 6% |
| '29 | Organic chemicals | 5,973 | 5,965 | 5,889 | 5,942 | 3% |
| '30 | Pharmaceutical products | 4,363 | 4,911 | 4,958 | 4,744 | 2% |
| '90 | Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof | 4,684 | 4,505 | 4,754 | 4,648 | 2% |
| '76 | Aluminium and articles thereof | 3,872 | 3,637 | 3,408 | 3,639 | 2% |
| '88 | Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof | 2,583 | 3,528 | 3,768 | 3,293 | 2% |
| '74 | Copper and articles thereof | 3,344 | 3,033 | 3,212 | 3,196 | 1% |
| '10 | Cereals | 2,025 | 3,524 | 3,281 | 2,943 | 1% |
| '40 | Rubber and articles thereof | 2,803 | 2,602 | 2,692 | 2,699 | 1% |
| '73 | Articles of iron or steel | 2,825 | 2,605 | 2,460 | 2,630 | 1% |
| '48 | Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard | 2,750 | 2,531 | 2,429 | 2,570 | 1% |
| '52 | Cotton | 2,509 | 2,629 | 2,543 | 2,560 | 1% |
| '38 | Miscellaneous chemical products | 2,282 | 2,194 | 2,390 | 2,289 | 1% |
| '12 | Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits; miscellaneous grains, seeds and fruit; industrial or medicinal plants; straw and fodder | 1,892 | 2,111 | 2,383 | 2,129 | 1% |
| '54 | Man-made filaments; strip and the like of man-made textile materials | 2,160 | 2,280 | 1,801 | 2,081 | 1% |
| '32 | Tanning or dyeing extracts; tannins and their derivatives; dyes, pigments and other colouring matter; paints and varnishes; putty and other mastics; inks | 2,016 | 1,941 | 1,962 | 1,973 | 1% |
| '55 | Man-made staple fibres | 2,016 | 1,881 | 1,309 | 1,736 | 1% |
| '23 | Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal fodder | 1,446 | 1,704 | 1,767 | 1,639 | 1% |
| '28 | Inorganic chemicals; organic or inorganic compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth metals, of radioactive elements or of isotopes | 1,554 | 1,635 | 1,528 | 1,572 | 1% |
| '15 | Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products; prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes | 1,158 | 1,242 | 1,636 | 1,345 | 1% |
| '31 | Fertilisers | 1,215 | 1,422 | 1,129 | 1,255 | 1% |
| '26 | Ores, slag and ash | 1,276 | 1,239 | 1,230 | 1,248 | 1% |
| '33 | Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery, cosmetic or toilet preparations | 1,142 | 1,261 | 1,161 | 1,188 | 1% |
| Others | 24,022 | 22,401 | 21,764 | 22,729 | 10% |
| HS Code (6 digit) | Product Description | Share in Turkey import at the HS 2 level | Average share in global imports at HS2 level | Global exports by India | India’s share in global exports | Global exports by Uttar Pradesh |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HS 84 – Machinery & Equipment | ||||||
| '840820 | Compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine "diesel or semi-diesel engine", for the propulsion of vehicles of chapter 87 | 7.4% | 1.3% | 267.64 | 0.9% | 1.93 |
| '847130 | Data-processing machines, automatic, portable, weighing <= 10 kg, consisting of at least a central processing unit, a keyboard and a display (excluding peripheral units) | 3.5% | 6.9% | 48.76 | 0.0% | 0.9 |
| '842139 | Machinery and apparatus for filtering or purifying gases (excluding isotope separators and intake air filters for internal combustion engines) | 2.8% | 1.1% | 129.30 | 0.5% | 3.39 |
| '840734 | Spark-ignition reciprocating piston engine, of a kind used for vehicles of chapter 87, of a cylinder capacity > 1.000 cm³ | 3.0% | 1.5% | 133.14 | 0.4% | 0.01 |
| '848180 | Appliances for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like (excluding pressure-reducing valves, valves for the control of pneumatic power transmission, check "non-return" valves and safety or relief valves) | 2.5% | 2.4% | 806.40 | 1.5% | 15 |
| '841430 | Compressors for refrigerating equipment | 2.1% | 0.6% | 29.54 | 0.2% | 7.8 |
| '847989 | Machines and mechanical appliances, n.e.s. | 1.9% | 1.9% | 367.07 | 0.8% | 8.72 |
| '847150 | Processing units for automatic data-processing machines, whether or not containing in the same housing one or two of the following types of unit: storage units, input units, output units (excluding those of heading 8471.41 or 8471.49 and excluding peripheral units) | 2.0% | 3.6% | 45.01 | 0.1% | 0.5 |
| '840733 | Spark-ignition reciprocating piston engine, of a kind used for vehicles of chapter 87, of a cylinder capacity > 250 cm³ but <= 1.000 cm³ | 1.4% | 0.1% | 27.1 | 0.8% | 0 |
| '840999 | Parts suitable for use solely or principally with compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine "diesel or semi-diesel engine", n.e.s. | 2.3% | 1.4% | 722.78 | 2.2% | 39.5 |
| Total of 10 commodity | 28.9% | 2576.74 | 77.75 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 84 | 71.1% | 19,947 | 630 | |||
| HS 71 – Gems and Jewelry | ||||||
| '710812 | Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, unwrought, for non-monetary purposes (excluding gold in powder form) | 91% | 38.4% | 19828.56 | 8% | 0 |
| Total of top commodity | 28.9% | 19828.56 | 0 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 71 | 71.1% | 34,615 | 416 | |||
| HS 85 – Electricals & electronics | ||||||
| '851712 | Telephones for cellular networks "mobile telephones" or for other wireless networks | 11.7% | 9.5% | 2496.42 | 0.9% | 1751 |
| '851762 | Machines for the reception, conversion and transmission or regeneration of voice, images or other data, incl. switching and routing apparatus (excluding telephone sets, telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks) | 6.2% | 5.8% | 568.49 | 0.4% | 4.8 |
| '853710 | Boards, cabinets and similar combinations of apparatus for electric control or the distribution of electricity, for a voltage <= 1.000 V | 6.1% | 2.0% | 412.51 | 0.7% | 16.2 |
| '852990 | Parts suitable for use solely or principally with transmission and reception apparatus for radio-broadcasting or television, television cameras,digital cameras, video camera recorders, radar apparatus, radio navigational aid apparatus or radio remote control apparatus, monitors and projectors, n.e.s. (excluding for aerials and aerial reflectors of all kinds) | 6.0% | 2.1% | 128.38 | 0.2% | 27.25 |
| '850440 | Static converters | 4.1% | 2.1% | 995.31 | 1.6% | 13.02 |
| '854430 | Ignition wiring sets and other wiring sets for vehicles, aircraft or ships | 2.7% | 1.4% | 214.92 | 0.6% | 63.6 |
| '850231 | Generating sets, wind-powered | 2.5% | 0.2% | 89.96 | 1.2% | 0.14 |
| '854511 | Electrodes of graphite or other carbon, for electric furnaces | 2.3% | 0.2% | 592.58 | 10.3% | 0 |
| '854140 | Photosensitive semiconductor devices, incl. photovoltaic cells whether or not assembled in modules or made up into panels; light emitting diodes (excluding photovoltaic generators) | 2.2% | 1.9% | 168.87 | 0.3% | 6.56 |
| '853650 | Switches for a voltage <= 1.000 V (excluding relays and automatic circuit breakers) | 1.7% | 0.7% | 100.28 | 0.5% | 12.4 |
| Total of top 10 commodities | 45.3% | 5767.72 | 1,894.97 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 85 | 54.7% | 13,393 | 2,413 | |||
| HS 87 - Vehicles & auto-mobiles | ||||||
| '870332 | Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars, with compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine "diesel or semi-diesel engine" of a cylinder capacity > 1.500 cm³ but <= 2.500 cm³ (excluding vehicles for the transport of persons on snow and other specially designed vehicles of subheading 8703.10) | 16.9% | 7.1% | 179.23 | 0.2% | 0.72 |
| '870840 | Gear boxes and parts thereof, for tractors, motor vehicles for the transport of ten or more persons, motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles, n.e.s | 11.9% | 4.6% | 387.71 | 0.6% | 6.93 |
| '870322 | Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars, with spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine of a cylinder capacity > 1.000 cm³ but <= 1.500 cm³ (excluding vehicles for the transport of persons on snow and other specially designed vehicles of subheading 8703.10) | 9.6% | 7.9% | 2795.5 | 2.6% | 8.32 |
| '870331 | Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars, with compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine "diesel or semi-diesel engine" of a cylinder capacity <= 1.500 cm³ (excluding vehicles for the transport of persons on snow and other specially designed vehicles of subheading 8703.10) | 8.0% | 1.4% | 101.22 | 0.5% | 0.28 |
| '870323 | Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars, with spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine of a cylinder capacity > 1.500 cm³ but <= 3.000 cm³ (excluding vehicles for the transport of persons on snow and other specially designed vehicles of subheading 8703.10) | 4.7% | 18.4% | 1767.59 | 0.7% | 0.2 |
| '870899 | Parts and accessories, for tractors, motor vehicles for the transport of ten or more persons, motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles, n.e.s. | 4.6% | 5.9% | 2510.35 | 3.0% | 130.53 |
| '870830 | Brakes and servo-brakes and their parts, for tractors, motor vehicles for the transport of ten or more persons, motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles, n.e.s. | 4.6% | 2.1% | 465.23 | 1.5% | 13 |
| '870829 | Parts and accessories of bodies for tractors, motor vehicles for the transport of ten or more persons, motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles (excluding bumpers and parts thereof and safety seat belts) | 4.5% | 5.2% | 151.37 | 0.2% | 0.34 |
| '870421 | Motor vehicles for the transport of goods, with compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine "diesel or semi-diesel engine" of a gross vehicle weight > 5 t but <= 20 t (excluding dumpers for off-highway use of subheading 8704.10 and special purpose motor vehicles of heading 8705) | 4.1% | 4.0% | 225.89 | 0.4% | 0.22 |
| '870332 | Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars, with compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine "diesel or semi-diesel engine" of a cylinder capacity > 1.500 cm³ but <= 2.500 cm³ (excluding vehicles for the transport of persons on snow and other specially designed vehicles of subheading 8703.10) | 16.9% | 7.1% | 179.23 | 0.2% | 0.72 |
| Total of top 2 commodities | 68.9 | 8584.1 | 160.54 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 87 | 31.1% | 16,249 | 506.9 | |||
| HS 42 & 64 – Leather goods and footwear | ||||||
| '640419 | Footwear with outer soles of rubber or plastics and uppers of textile materials (excluding ... | 20.8% | 10.5% | 73.1 | 0.3% | 8.73 |
| '640399 | Footwear with outer soles of rubber, plastics or composition leather, with uppers of leather (excluding covering the ankle, incorporating a protective metal toecap, sports footwear, orthopaedic footwear and toy footwear) | 13.8% | 13.1% | 284.58 | 1.1% | 107.8 |
| '640299 | Footwear with outer soles and uppers of rubber or plastics (excluding covering the ankle or with upper straps or thongs assembled to the sole by means of plugs, waterproof footwear of heading 6401, sports footwear, orthopaedic footwear and toy footwear) | 9.8% | 9.2% | 110.89 | 0.5% | 14.4 |
| '420500 | Articles of leather or composition leather (excluding saddlery and harness bags; cases and similar containers; apparel and clothing accessories; whips, riding-crops and similar of heading 6602; furniture; lighting appliances; toys; games; sports articles; buttons and parts thereof; cuff links, bracelets or other imitation jewellery; made-up articles of netting of heading 5608; and articles of plaiting materials) | 9.1% | 1.2% | 60.25 | 2.0% | 22.36 |
| '420221 | Handbags, whether or not with shoulder straps, incl. those without handles, with outer surface of leather, composition leather or patent leather | 7.2% | 7.2% | 375.44 | 2.5% | 45.5 |
| '640411 | Sports footwear, incl. tennis shoes, basketball shoes, gym shoes, training shoes and the like, with outer soles of rubber or plastics and uppers of textile materials | 6.1% | 8.7% | 148.08 | 1.0% | 4.5 |
| Total of top 6 commodities | 66.9% | 1052.34 | 203.29 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 42 & 64 | 33.1% | 4,814 | 1,184 | |||
| HS 29 – Organic Chemicals | ||||||
| '291736 | Terephthalic acid and its salts | 10.5% | 1.2% | 86.73 | 1.7% | 0 |
| '290250 | Styrene | 7.1% | 2.3% | 8.26 | 0.1% | 0 |
| '290531 | Ethylene glycol "ethanediol" | 5.6% | 2.5% | 187.04 | 2.5% | 0.003 |
| '292910 | Isocyanates | 4.1% | 1.3% | 56.81 | 1.0% | 0.25 |
| '293399 | Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom[s] only (excluding those containing an unfused pyrazole, imidazole, pyridine or triazine ring, whether or not hydrogenated, a quinoline or isoquinoline ring-system, not further fused, whether or not hydrogenated, a pyrimidine ring, whether or not hydrogenated, or piperazine ring in the structure, and lactams, alprazolam "INN", camazepam "INN", chlordiazepoxide "INN", clonazepam "INN", clorazepate, delorazepam "INN", diazepam "INN", estazolam "INN", ethyl loflazepate "INN", fludiazepam "INN", flunitrazepam "INN", flurazepam "INN", halazepam "INN", lorazepam "INN", lormetazepam "INN", mazindol "INN", medazepam "INN", midazolam "INN", nimetazepam "INN", nitrazepam "INN", nordazepam "INN", oxazepam "INN", pinazepam "INN", prazepam "INN", pyrovalerone "INN", temazepam "INN", tetrazepam "INN" and triazolam "INN", and salts thereof) | 3.5% | 3.8% | 863.44 | 5.6% | 3.9 |
| '291612 | Esters of acrylic acid | 3.0% | 0.7% | 22.51 | 0.9% | 0.003 |
| '290511 | Methanol "methyl alcohol" | 3.0% | 2.4% | 4.41 | 0.0% | 0.05 |
| '293499 | Nucleic acids and their salts, whether or not chemically defined; heterocyclic compounds (excluding with oxygen only or with nitrogen hetero-atom[s] only, compounds containing in the structure an unfused thiazole ring or a benzothiazole or phenothiazine ring-system, not further fused and aminorex "INN", brotizolam "INN", clotiazepam "INN", cloxazolam "INN", dextromoramide "INN", haloxazolam "INN", ketazolam "INN", mesocarb "INN", oxazolam "INN", pemoline "INN", phendimetrazine "INN", phenmetrazine "INN", sufentanil "INN", and salts thereof, and inorganic or organic compounds of mercury whether or not chemically defined, and products of 3002 10) | 2.5% | 4.2% | 516.03 | 3.0% | 4.75 |
| '290516 | Octanol "octyl alcohol" and isomers thereof | 2.3% | 0.3% | 3.71 | 0.4% | 0.32 |
| '294190 | Antibiotics (excluding penicillins and their derivatives with a penicillanic acid structure, salts thereof, streptomycins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol and erythromycin, their derivatives and salts thereof) | 2.2% | 2.0% | 542.79 | 7.4% | 8.35 |
| Total of top 10 commodities | 43.8% | 2291.73 | 17.63 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 29 | 56.2% | 17,733 | 539 | |||
| HS 73 – Articles of Iron and Steel | ||||||
| '732690 | Articles of iron or steel, n.e.s. (excluding cast articles or articles of iron or steel wire) | 26.9% | 14.6% | 731.42 | 1.7% | 330.9 |
| '731815 | Threaded screws and bolts, of iron or steel, whether or not with their nuts and washers (excluding coach screws and other wood screws, screw hooks and screw rings, self-tapping screws, lag screws, stoppers, plugs and the like, threaded) | 7.9% | 6.3% | 280.16 | 1.5% | 2.02 |
| '730439 | ubes, pipes and hollow profiles, seamless, of circular cross-section, of iron or non-alloy steel, not cold-drawn or cold-rolled "cold-reduced" (excluding cast iron products, line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines, casing and tubing of a kind used for drilling for oil or gas) | 5.0% | 0.9% | 9.73 | 0.4% | 0.003 |
| '731816 | Nuts of iron or steel | 4.4% | 2.1% | 65.37 | 1.1% | 0.93 |
| '730890 | Structures and parts of structures, of iron or steel, n.e.s. (excluding bridges and bridge-sections, towers and lattice masts, doors and windows and their frames, thresholds for doors, props and similar equipment for scaffolding, shuttering, propping or pit-propping) | 3.1% | 12.3% | 482.87 | 1.3% | 13.4 |
| '731210 | Stranded wire, ropes and cables, of iron or steel (excluding electrically insulated products and twisted fencing wire and barbed wire) | 2.9% | 2.1% | 100.18 | 1.6% | 0.5 |
| '730640 | Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, welded, of circular cross-section, of stainless steel (excluding products having internal and external circular cross-sections and an external diameter of > 406,4 mm, and products of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines or of a kind used in drilling for oil or gas) | 2.8% | 1.4% | 63.97 | 1.5% | 1.1 |
| '732020 | Helical springs, of iron or steel (excluding flat spiral springs, clock and watch springs, springs for sticks and handles of umbrellas or parasols, and shock absorbers of Section 17) | 2.2% | 1.1% | 6.87 | 0.2% | 0.14 |
| '730511 | Line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines, having circular cross-sections and an external diameter of > 406,4 mm, of iron or steel, longitudinally submerged arc welded | 1.8% | 1.4% | 461.82 | 10.7% | 1.93 |
| '730429 | Casing and tubing, seamless, of iron or steel, of a kind used in drilling for oil or gas (excluding products of cast iron) | 1.8% | 1.7% | 13.17 | 0.3% | 0.003 |
| Total of top 10 commodities | 58.9% | 2215,56 | 350.93 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 39 | 41.1% | 6872 | 618.1 | |||
| HS 33- Essential oils & perfumes | ||||||
| '330210 | Mixtures of odoriferous substances and mixtures, incl. alcoholic solutions, with a basis of one or more of these substances, of a kind used in the food and drink industries; other preparations based on odoriferous substances, of a kind used for the manufacture of beverages | 18.1% | 11.7% | 76.92 | 0.5% | 4.9 |
| '330290 | Mixtures of odoriferous substances and mixtures, incl. alcoholic solutions, based on one or more of these substances, of a kind used as raw materials in industry (excluding food or drink industries) | 17.7% | 6.0% | 271.30 | 3.0% | 19.1 |
| '330499 | Beauty or make-up preparations and preparations for the care of the skin (other than medicaments), incl. sunscreen or suntan preparations (excluding medicaments, lip and eye make-up preparations, manicure or pedicure preparations and make-up or skin care powders, incl. baby powders) | 17.3% | 32.9% | 133.88 | 0.3% | 12.36 |
| '330300 | Perfumes and toilet waters (excluding aftershave lotions, personal deodorants and hair lotions) | 10.9% | 12.9% | 142.21 | 0.7% | 3.12 |
| '330510 | Shampoos | 7.3% | 4.0% | 34.55 | 0.6% | 0.67 |
| Total of top 2 commodities | 71.4% | 658.86 | 40.15 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 30 | 28.6% | 2,047.86 | 237 | |||
| HS 61 & 62 – Apparels | ||||||
| '620342 | Men's or boys' trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and shorts, of cotton (excluding knitted or crocheted, underpants and swimwear) | 9.3% | 5.6% | 439.43 | 1.8% | 12.16 |
| '620462 | Women's or girls' trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and shorts of cotton (excluding knitted or crocheted, panties and swimwear) | 6.6% | 4.4% | 196.43 | 1.0% | 21.61 |
| '610910 | T-shirts, singlets and other vests of cotton, knitted or crocheted | 6.5% | 6.6% | 1727.53 | 5.7% | 48.5 |
| '620193 | Men's or boys' anoraks, windcheaters, wind jackets and similar articles, of man-made fibres (not knitted or crocheted and excluding suits, ensembles, jackets, blazers, trousers and tops of ski suits) | 5.9% | 2.3% | 4.69 | 0.1% | 0.08 |
| '611020 | Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and similar articles, of cotton, knitted or crocheted (excluding wadded waistcoats) | 4.9% | 5.9% | 170.27 | 0.7% | 19 |
| '611030 | Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and similar articles, of man-made fibres, knitted or crocheted (excluding wadded waistcoats) | 4.6% | 5.5% | 68.66 | 0.3% | 4 |
| '610990 | T-shirts, singlets and other vests of textile materials, knitted or crocheted (excluding cotton) | 4.1% | 3.1% | 601.76 | 4.0% | 16.8 |
| '620213 | Women's or girls' overcoats, raincoats, car coats, capes, cloaks and similar articles, of man-made fibres (excluding knitted or crocheted) | 3.5% | 1.2% | 3.36 | 0.1% | 0.5 |
| '620293 | Women's or girls' anoraks, windcheaters, wind jackets and similar articles, of man-made fibres (not knitted or crocheted and excluding suits, ensembles, jackets, blazers, trousers and tops of ski suits) | 3.5% | 2.2% | 3.03 | 0.0% | 0.07 |
| '620520 | Men's or boys' shirts of cotton (excluding knitted or crocheted, nightshirts, singlets and other vests) | 3.1% | 2.4% | 709.24 | 7.1% | 8.31 |
| Total of top 8 commodities | 51.9% | 3924.4 | 131.03 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 88 | 48.1% | 14,738 | 1,793 | |||
| HS 70 – Glassware | ||||||
| '701959 | Woven fabrics, incl. narrow fabrics, of glass fibres, of a width of > 30 cm (excluding plain weave, weighing < 250 g/m², of a linear density of <= 136 tex per single yarn, and fabrics made from rovings) | 8.5% | 1.7% | 4.06 | 0.3% | 0.003 |
| '700721 | Laminated safety glass, of size and shape suitable for incorporation in motor vehicles, aircraft, spacecraft, vessels and other vehicles (excluding multiple-walled insulating units of glass) | 8.2% | 4.9% | 20.7 | 0.6% | 0.05 |
| '701090 | Carboys, bottles, flasks, jars, pots, phials and other containers, of glass, of a kind used for the commercial conveyance or packing of goods, and preserving jars, of glass (excluding ampoules, glass inners for containers, with vacuum insulation, perfume atomizers, flasks, bottles etc. for atomizers) | 8.0% | 13.6% | 229 | 2.1% | 11.34 |
| '700510 | Float glass and surface ground or polished glass, in sheets, having an absorbent, reflecting or non-reflecting layer, but not otherwise worked (excluding wired glass) | 7.8% | 2.2% | 56.71 | 3.8% | 0.11 |
| '700910 | Rear-view mirrors, whether or not framed, for vehicles | 5.1% | 5.3% | 15.92 | 0.4% | 1.41 |
| '701912 | Rovings of glass fibres | 4.9% | 1.8% | 12.82 | 1.0% | 0 |
| '700719 | Toughened "tempered" safety glass (excluding glass of size and shape suitable for incorporation in motor vehicles, aircraft, spacecraft, vessels and other vehicles, and lenses for spectacles and goggles, etc., and for clocks and watches) | 4.9% | 4.2% | 45.35 | 1.4% | 0.74 |
| '700711 | Toughened "tempered" safety glass, of size and shape suitable for incorporation in motor vehicles, aircraft, spacecraft, vessels and other vehicles | 4.9% | 3.3% | 5.55 | 0.3% | 0.04 |
| '700600 | Sheets or profiles of glass, whether or not having an absorbent, reflecting or non-reflecting layer, bent, edge-worked, engraved, enamelled or otherwise worked, but not framed or fitted with other materials (excluding safety glass, multiple-walled insulating units of glass, glass in the form of a mirror) | 4.9% | 4.4% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 |
| '701990 | Glass fibres, incl. glass wool, and articles thereof (excluding staple fibres, rovings, yarn, chopped strands, woven fabrics, incl. narrow fabrics, thin sheets "voiles", webs, mats, mattresses and boards and similar nonwoven products, mineral wool and articles thereof, electrical insulators or parts thereof, optical fibres, fibre bundles or cable, brushes of glass fibres, and dolls' wigs) | 4.7% | 3.8% | 36.08 | 1.2% | 0.61 |
| Total of top commodity | 61.9% | 422.13 | 14.3 | |||
| Rest of the commodities under HS code 28 | 38.1% | 854.9 | 206.934. | |||
